2012, Dissertation In the twentieth century, the religious landscape of the Netherlands has changed quickly from one of the most Christian countries of Europe to one of the most secularized countries. In 1909, 57% of the population were Protestant, 35% were Catholic and only 5% were not religiously affiliated (Knippenberg 1992). This image is in great contrast to the data from one century later. In 2006, 16% of the Dutch were Catholic, 14% were Protestant, 9% belonged to other denominations or religions and the biggest group of 61% was religiously unaffiliated (Bernts, et al. 2007). Until the 1960s, in the Netherlands most people were born as either Catholic, Protestant or Socialist and eventually went to school, made friends, married and died as such (Van Eijnatten and Van Lieburg 2006). This structure that divided society and in fact the whole of daily life into certain pillars of denomination is called ‘pillarization’. In the past sixty years, the all-encompassing influence of religious institutions decreased, crumbling the pillars of denomination, a process called ‘depillarization’. As a result, not only church attendance diminished, in fact the pillarized character of the whole of public life, varying from sports clubs to schools unsettled.
2021, Article / Letter to editor (International Journal of Care Coordination, (2021))Task shifting in healthcare has mainly been initiated and studied as a way to react to/or mitigate workforce shortages. Here, we define task shifting as the structural redistribution of tasks, usually including responsibilities and competencies between different professions. As such, task shifting is commonly focused on highly specialised and trained professionals who hand-over specific, standardised tasks to professionals with lower levels of education. It is expected that this type of task shifting will lead to efficiency and cost savings to healthcare organisations. Yet, there are more benefits to task shifting, in particular its contribution to integrated patient-centred quality of care and a tailored system that meets the changing care demands in society. Hence the importance to broaden the scope of task shifting, its goals, manifestations and how task shifting plays a role in addressing both the strengths and weaknesses in the healthcare system. In this focus piece, trends and conditions for task shifting and its (un)anticipated effects are discussed. We argue that, only when designed to face specific complexities at the workplace and taking into account the balance between specialists and generalists, task shifting may substantially contribute to enhanced quality of care that meets the changing needs of society.
2022, Part of book or chapter of book (Lange, A.H. de; Heijden, B.I.J.M. van der (ed.), Een leven lang inzetbaar? Duurzame inzetbaarheid., pp. 203-212)
2012, Dissertation Eén op de drie Nederlanders heeft ten minste één chronische aandoening. Sarah Detaille onderzocht knelpunten die zij op het werk tegenkomen, en evalueerde een zelfmanagementtraining bedoeld om hen te ondersteunen. Die training bestaat uit zes groepsbijeenkomsten waarin deelnemers advies krijgen over leefstijl, arbeid en belastbaarheid, communicatietechnieken en de omgang met symptomen van de aandoening. Daarnaast moeten zij thuis of op hun werk opdrachten uitvoeren. Oudere en vrouwelijke deelnemers ontwikkelden door de training een positieve houding tegenover zelfmanagement op het werk. Bij laagopgeleide werknemers verbeterde de gezondheid. Dit proefschrift beschrijft wat voor werknemers met een chronische lichamelijke aandoening belangrijk is om zich te kunnen handhaven in het werk, de ontwikkeling van een programma van zelfmanagement en de toets op de effectiviteit daarvan.
2006, Article in monograph or in proceedings (Artificial Life X: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems)Constructing artificial moral agents serves at least two purposes: one, better understanding of moral reasoning, and, two, increasing our trust and confidence in creating autonomous agents acting on our behalf. When constructing agents we must identify what kind of agent we are trying to implement acknowledging still severe restrictions in both our understanding of moral reasoning and technological capabilities. In constructing agents, as part of the SophoLab project, we adopt a set of requirements and design principles. As building blocks the belief-desire-intention model is used along with the deontic-epistemic-action logic framework as modeling and specification languages. Implementation in executable software is done using the JACK agent language. Attempts at constructing agents and actual experiments provide some first encouraging results but also point at the large hurdles still to be taken.
2020, Article / Letter to editor (Online Journal of Art and Design, vol. 8, iss. 3, (2020), pp. 75-89)Due to recent technological advancements, technological transition through designing
together with living organisms is a growing phenomenon in multiple disciplines as well as
in building design. Within this technological transition period, a large number of concepts
with varied terms and definitions introduce comprehensive aspects and possible impacts
of the unity of living and manufactured components. While many concepts resonate in
building design, a blanket term is missing in the existing literature. To identify suitable
terms and definitions which either should be adopted or disregarded in the scope of the
building design, this paper presents an overview of the existing terminology. In the
framework of the research, firstly the descriptions of the innovations, exemplifying the
incorporation of living components, were examined in eighty (80) cases related to
building design. The most-used terms and definitions lead us to determine the scope of
the literature review. Further on, expert opinions, (20) twenty practitioners professionally
working with the innovations, were obtained. While the research clarifies the variety in
the terminology, the paper underlines the critical importance of the phenomenon in
terms of bringing substantial possibilities into building design through multiple functions,
domains, disciplines.
2011, Part of book or chapter of book (, pp. 89-94)Dit onderzoek heeft betrekking op de ontwikkeling en inrichting van het Centrum Behandeling en Begeleiding en heeft plaatsgevonden bij Gelders Hof te Dieren. Gelders Hof is een woonzorgcentrum en maakt deel uit van Attent wonen, welzijn, zorg. Het Centrum Behandeling en Begeleiding speelt in op de actuele zorgvraag van ouderen om naast intramurale zorg ook in de eerste lijn zorg aan te bieden. De adviezen hebben zich gericht op procesmatige, bedrijfseconomische en juridische aspecten.
2010, Article / Letter to editor (TREMA, tijdschrift voor de Rechterlijke Macht, vol. 33, iss. 6, (2010), pp. 244-248)Binnen de rechtspraak wordt op veel plaatsen aandacht besteed aan de begrijpelijkheid van documenten. Een belangrijke vraag in dit verband is: wat vinden rechtzoekenden van het resultaat? Wij vroegen achthonderd burgers naar hun reactie op brieven van een rechtbank. In deze bijdrage staan de belangrijkste resultaten van dat onderzoek en de betekenis ervan voor begrijpelijk schrijven in de juridische praktijk.
2021, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, vol. 19, iss. 2, (2021), pp. 144-+)Background: Cachexia is common in patients with esophagogastric cancer and is associated with increased mortality. Nutritional screening and dietetic interventions can be helpful in preventing evolvement of cachexia. Our aim was to study the real-world prevalence and prognostic value of pretreatment cachexia on overall survival (OS) using patient-reported weight loss, and to explore dietetic interventions in esophagogastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Patients with esophagogastric cancer (2015-2018), regardless of disease stage, who participated in the Prospective Observational Cohort Study of Esophageal-Gastric Cancer Patients (POCOP) and completed patient-reported outcome measures were included. Data on weight loss and dietetic interventions were retrieved from questionnaires before start of treatment (baseline) and 3 months thereafter. Additional patient data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Cachexia was defined as self-reported >5% half-year body weight loss at baseline or >2% in patients with a body mass index (BMI) <20 kg/m(2) according to the Fearon criteria. The association between cachexia and OS was analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses adjusted for sex, age, performance status, comorbidities, primary tumor location, disease stage, histology, and treatment strategy. Results: Of 406 included patients, 48% had pretreatment cachexia, of whom 65% were referred for dietetic consultation at baseline. The proportion of patients with cachexia was the highest among those who received palliative chemotherapy (59%) or best supportive care (67%). Cachexia was associated with decreased OS (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11-2.09). Median weight loss after 3-month follow-up was lower in patients with cachexia who were referred to a dietician at baseline compared with those who were not (0% vs 2%; P=.047). Conclusions: Nearly half of patients with esophagogastric cancer have pretreatment cachexia. Dietetic consultation at baseline was not reported in more than one-third of the patients with cachexia. Because cachexia was independently associated with decreased survival, improving nutritional screening and referral for dietetic consultation are warranted to prevent further deterioration of malnutrition and mortality.
2021, Article / Letter to editor (Cancer Medicine (Malden, Ma), (2021))It is unclear to what extent patients with pancreatic cancer have cachexia and had a dietetic consult for nutritional support. The aim was to assess the prevalence of cachexia, dietitian consultation, and overall survival in these patients. This prospective multicenter cohort study included patients with pancreatic cancer, who participated in the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Project and completed patient reported outcome measures (2015-2018). Additional data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Cachexia was defined as self-reported >5% body weight loss, or >2% in patients with a BMI <20 kg/m(2) over the past half year. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze overall survival. In total, 202 patients were included from 18 centers. Cachexia was present in 144 patients (71%) and 81 of those patients (56%) had dietetic consultation. Cachexia was present in 63% of 94 patients who underwent surgery, 77% of 70 patients who received palliative chemotherapy and 82% of 38 patients who had best supportive care. Dietitian consultation was reported in 53%, 52%, and 71%, respectively. Median overall survival did not differ between patients with and without cachexia, but decreased in those with severe weight loss (12 months (IQR 7-20) vs. 16 months (IQR 8-31), p = 0.02), as compared to those with <10% weight loss during the past half year. Two-thirds of patients with pancreatic cancer present with cachexia of which nearly half had no dietetic consultation. Survival was comparable in patients with and without cachexia, but decreased in patients with more severe weight loss.
2017, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, vol. 32, (2017), pp. 22-29)The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of the Mastication Observation and Evaluation (MOE) instrument, dynamic ultrasound and 3D kinematic measurements to describe mastication in children with spastic cerebral palsy and typically developing children. Masticatory movements during five trials of eating a biscuit were assessed in 8 children with cerebral palsy, spastic type (mean age 9.08years) and 14 typically developing children (mean age 9.01years). Differences between trials were tested (t-test) and the mastication of individual children with cerebral palsy was analyzed. MOE scores ranged from 17 to 31 (median 24) for the children with cerebral palsy and from 28 to 32 (median 31) for the typically developing children. There was an increased chewing cycle duration, a smaller left-right and up-down tongue displacement and larger anterior mandible movements for the trials (n=40) of cerebral palsy children (p<0.000 for all comparisons) compared to the trials of typically developing children (n=70). The MOE captures differences in mastication between individual children with cerebral palsy. The MOE items 'jaw movement' and 'fluency and coordination' showed the most similarity with the objective measurements. Objective measurements of dynamic ultrasound and 3D kinematics complemented data from the MOE instrument.
2021, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, vol. 34, iss. 1, (2021), pp. 243-254)Background: Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by ongoing skeletal muscle loss that leads to progressive functional impairment driven by reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism. Despite the traditional use of non-volitional weight loss as the primary marker of CC, there is no consensus on how to diagnose and manage CC.
Methods: The aim of this narrative review was to describe and discuss diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches for the accredited practicing dietitian with respect to identifying and managing CC.
Results: Available diagnostic criteria for cachexia include the cancer-specific (Fearon and Cachexia Score) and general criteria (Evans and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition). These include phenotypic criteria [weight loss, body mass index, (objective) muscle mass assessments, quality of life] and aetiological criteria (disease burden, inflammation, energy expenditure, anorexia and inadequate food intake) and can be incorporated into the nutrition care process (NCP). This informs the nutrition diagnosis of 'chronic disease- or condition-related malnutrition (undernutrition) as related to increased nutrient needs, anorexia or diminished intake due to CC'. Optimal nutrition care and management of CC is multidisciplinary, corrects for increased energy expenditure (via immunonutrition/eicosapentaenoic acid), suboptimal protein/energy intake and poor nutrition quality of life, and includes a physical exercise intervention. Monitoring of intervention efficacy should focus on maintaining or slowing the loss of muscle mass, with weight change as an alternative gross indicator.
Conclusions: Dietitians and the NCP can play an essential role with respect to identifying and managing CC, focusing on aspects of nutrition screening, assessment and intervention.
2021, Article / Letter to editor (Clinical Nutrition, vol. 40, iss. 6, (2021), pp. 4037-4042)Background & aims: Anorexia is a frequent symptom in cancer and we aimed to assess its prevalence among patients at their first cancer diagnosis by different appetite tools and the relationship between each tool with self-reports of food intake. We also tested whether cancer anorexia influences outcomes independently of reduced food intake or body weight loss (BWL) overtime and whether BWL was associated with complications during anticancer-therapy. Methods: Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT) score, self-assessment of appetite, Anorexia Questionnaire (AQ) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were administered. Percent of food intake was used as a criterion measure of anorexia. We registered BWL and anticancer-therapy complications over 3-month-follow-up. Results: 438 cancer patients from 7 cancer-centers worldwide were included. The prevalence of anorexia was 39.9% by FAACT score, 40.2% by VAS, 40.6% by the self-assessment of appetite and 65.4% by AQ. Low food intake (<50%) was reported in 28% of patients. All appetite tools correlated with food intake percent (P < 0.0001). We documented a correlation between self-assessment of appetite, FAACT score, VAS and BWL overtime (P < 0.04). The self-assessment of appetite (P = 0.0152) and the FAACT score (P = 0.043) were associated with BWL independently of anticancer therapies. Among patients with BWL, the risk to develop complications was greater with respect to those who maintained a stable or gained body weight (P = 0.03). Conclusions: In our sample of cancer patients, FAACT score and self-assessment of appetite performed well when low food intake was used as a criterion measure, and revealed an association of anorexia with BWL, which was, in turn, related to the development of anticancer-therapy complications. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
2022, Article / Letter to editor (Gerodontology, (2022))Objective To assess the occurrence and associations of verbal and non-verbal care-resistant behaviour (CRB) during oral examination by a dental hygienist in nursing home residents with dementia. Background CRB is a barrier to providing professional oral care and daily oral hygiene care. Understanding the predictors of CRB might help care professionals in learning to anticipate this behaviour. Methods In this multicentre cross-sectional study signs of verbal and non-verbal CRB were reported during the oral examination. Data collection occurred in the psychogeriatrics wards of 14 different nursing homes in the Netherlands (N = 367). Results A total of 367 residents were included. CRB was evident in 82 residents (22.3%), of whom 45 (55%) showed verbal and 37 (45%) non-verbal CRB. Associated with CRB were age >85 years, duration of residential stay longer than 2 years, and having Korsakov dementia. Other factors associated with CRB were duration of residential stay (categories ">2 and <= 4 years" or ">4 years") and having a natural dentition (P = .043-.005, OR = 1.20-1.33, 95% CI = 1.00-8.48). Significant associations for verbal and non-verbal CRB were age between 76 and 85 years, vascular dementia and Korsakov dementia (P = .031-.006, OR = .020-1.49, 95% CI = 0.43-2.15). Conclusion The occurrence of CRB was 22.3% and was associated with older age and longer duration of residential stay, Vascular and Korsakov dementia and natural dentition.
2019, Article in monograph or in proceedings (Parallel session of the European Association for Sociology of Sports Conference (EASS2019))Earlier quantitative research shows that major life events that mark the transition to adulthood (emerging adulthood) affect sport participation, mostly in a negative way. However, insight regarding the explanatory mechanisms behind these effects, which is needed to better prevent drop out and stimulate sport participation over the life course, is lacking. This qualitative study aims to fill this gap by investigating why people change their sport behaviour during emerging adulthood, specifically when major life events occur that mark this transition period within two life domains: the professional career (e.g. entering high/secondary school and higher education, leaving fulltime education, beginning to work) and the family domain (e.g. engaging in an intimate relationship, cohabitation, marriage, becoming a parent). Analysis of 45 Dutch adults’ narratives on their sport participation during the transition to adulthood and the role of these life events, revealed that when the life events occurred, new time consuming and physically and/or psychological demanding activities, roles and responsibilities arose that are more obligatory and fixed, and held higher social pay-offs then (existing) sport activities. This altered people’s daily routines and led to a reconfiguration of resources with (new) opportunities and constraints for sport participation. Based on this new resource balance and associated opportunities and constraints for sport participation, people made a deliberate choice on if sport participation fitted in their new life situation or not, and if so, in what way/how it fitted best. However, there was diversity in the choices that people made regarding (changing) their sport participation, based on different trade-offs between their opportunities and constraints for sport participation.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Family Practice, vol. 13, (2012))Background: With increasing age and longevity, the rising number of frail elders with complex and numerous health-related needs demands a coordinated health care delivery system integrating cure, care and welfare. Studies on the effectiveness of such comprehensive chronic care models targeting frail elders show inconclusive results. The CareWell-primary care program is a complex intervention targeting community-dwelling frail elderly people, that aims to prevent functional decline, improve quality of life, and reduce or postpone hospital and nursing home admissions of community dwelling frail elderly. Methods/design: The CareWell-primary care study includes a (cost-) effectiveness study and a comprehensive process evaluation. In a one-year pragmatic, cluster controlled trial, six general practices are non-randomly recruited to adopt the CareWell-primary care program and six control practices will deliver 'care as usual'. Each practice includes a random sample of fifty frail elders aged 70 years or above in the cost-effectiveness study. A sample of patients and informal caregivers and all health care professionals participating in the CareWell-primary care program are included in the process evaluation. In the cost-effectiveness study, the primary outcome is the level of functional abilities as measured with the Katz-15 index. Hierarchical mixed-effects regression models / multilevel modeling approach will be used, since the study participants are nested within the general practices. Furthermore, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios will be calculated as costs per QALY gained and as costs weighed against functional abilities. In the process evaluation, mixed methods will be used to provide insight in the implementation degree of the program, patients' and professionals' approval of the program, and the barriers and facilitators to implementation. Discussion: The CareWell-primary care study will provide new insights into the (cost-) effectiveness, feasibility, and barriers and facilitators for implementation of this complex intervention in primary care.
2021, Article / Letter to editor (Clinical Nutrition, vol. 40, iss. 3, (2021), pp. 690-701)Background & aims: The year 2019 marked the centenary of the publication of the Harris and Benedict equations for estimation of energy expenditure. In October 2019 a Scientific Symposium was organized by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) in Vienna, Austria, to celebrate this historical landmark, looking at what is currently known about the estimation and measurement of energy expenditure. Methods: Current evidence was discussed during the symposium, including the scientific basis and clinical knowledge, and is summarized here to assist with the estimation and measurement of energy requirements that later translate into energy prescription. Results: In most clinical settings, the majority of predictive equations have low to moderate performance, with the best generally reaching an accuracy of no more than 70%, and often lead to large errors in estimating the true needs of patients. Generally speaking, the addition of body composition measurements did not add to the accuracy of predictive equations. Indirect calorimetry is the most reliable method to measure energy expenditure and guide energy prescription, but carries inherent limitations, greatly restricting its use in real life clinical practice. Conclusions: While the limitations of predictive equations are clear, their use is still the mainstay in clinical practice. It is imperative to recognize specific patient populations for whom a specific equation should be preferred. When available, the use of indirect calorimetry is advised in a variety of clinical settings, aiming to avoid under-as well as overfeeding. (C)2020 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, vol. 2012, iss. 134, (2012), pp. 160-171)In this paper we discuss the use and challenges of identifying communities with shared semantics in Enterprise Modeling. People tend to understand modeling meta-concepts (i.e., a modeling language’s constructs or types) in a certain way and can be grouped by this understanding. Having an insight into the typical communities and their composition (e.g., what kind of people constitute a semantic community) would make it easier to predict how a conceptual modeler with a certain background will generally understand the meta-concepts he uses, which is useful for e.g., validating model semantics and improving the efficiency of the modeling process itself. We demonstrate the use of psychometric data from two studies involving experienced (enterprise) modeling practitioners and computing science students to find such communities, discuss the challenge that arises in finding common real-world factors shared between their members to identify them by and conclude that the common (often implicit) grouping properties such as similar background, focus and modeling language are not supported by empirical data.
2015, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Aging & Health, vol. 2015, iss. December, (2015), pp. 1-29)Objectives: While poor health contributes to early work exits, it is less clear how early work exits affect health. This study therefore examines changes in health associated with retirement. Method: Survey data from gainfully employed individuals aged 57 to 66 in 2002 were used to assess changes in health status and behaviors associated with retirement (49%) 5 years later (N = 546). Results: Compared with workers, retirees were more likely to report improvements in mental health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67), and less likely to report mental health deteriorations (OR = 0.56). Retirees were more likely to both increase (OR = 2.03) and reduce (OR = 1.87) their alcohol intake, and to increase physical activity (OR = 2.01) and lose weight (OR = 1.75). Discussion: As welfare states aim to extend working life to counteract repercussions of population aging, findings on possible health benefits for retirees may warrant more focus on the pros and cons of a prolonged working life.
2020, Article / Letter to editor (Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 80, (2020), pp. 105186)BACKGROUND: In the current study changes in lower-limb motor flexibility of patients undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction were evaluated in relation to fear of harm. METHODS: Fourteen patients were measured pre- and post-surgery, and data were compared to those of a single measurement in fifteen controls. Lower-limb motor-flexibility was assessed in treadmill-walking and a cyclic leg-amplitude differentiation task augmented with haptic or visual feedback. Flexibility was captured by determining the between-leg coordination-variability (SD of relative phase) and each leg's temporal variability (sample entropy). Patients were post hoc divided into a higher-fear-group (pre-surgery: n = 6, post-surgery: n = 7) and a lower-fear-group (pre-surgery: n = 6, post-surgery: n = 7) by means of a median split of their scores on a self-reported fear of harm scale. Differences in flexibility-measures between the higher-fear-group and the lower-fear-group were also assessed. FINDINGS: No pre- and post-surgery differences, nor differences with the control group, were found in motor-flexibility during treadmill-walking but the post-surgery higher-fear-group did show lower values of SD relative phase. In the leg-amplitude differentiation task the SD of the relative phase decreased but sample entropy increased post-surgery towards levels of the control-group. The pre-surgery higher-fear-group showed lower values of sample entropy in visual conditions. INTERPRETATION: While gait kinematics may not show motor-flexibility changes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, a leg-amplitude differentiation task does show such changes. Differentiating patients on a fear-of-harm scale revealed subtle differences in motor-flexibility. Challenging patients with non-preferred movements such as amplitude differentiation may be a promising tool to evaluate motor-flexibility following ACLR.
2020, Part of book or chapter of book (Baker, J.; Cobley, S.; Schorer, J. (ed.), Talent Identification and Development in Sport: International Perspectives)
2020, Part of book or chapter of book (Lovseth, L.; Lange, A.H. de (ed.), Integrating organization of health services, worker wellbeing and quality of care: Towards ‘healthy healthcare’)
2020, Part of book or chapter of book (Lovseth, L.; Lange, A.H. de (ed.), Integrating organization of health services, worker wellbeing and quality of care: Towards ‘healthy healthcare’)
2020, Part of book or chapter of book (Baker, J.; Cobley, S.; Schorer, J. (ed.), Talent Identification and Development in Sport: International Perspectives)
2017, Article / Letter to editor (European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, vol. 43, iss. 4, (2017), pp. 513-524)Background Pre-hospital spinal immobilisation by emergency medical services (EMS) staff is currently the standard of care in cases of suspected spinal column injuries. There is, however, a lack of data on the characteristics of patients who received spinal immobilisation during the pre-hospital phase and on the adverse effects of immobilisation. The objectives of this study were threefold. First, we determined the pre-hospital characteristics of blunt trauma patients with suspected spinal column injuries who were immobilised by EMS staff. Second, we assessed the choices made by EMS staff regarding spinal immobilisation techniques and reasons for immobilisation. Third, we researched the possible adverse effects of immobilisation. Design A retrospective observational study in a cohort of blunt trauma patients. Study method Data of blunt trauma patients with suspected spinal column injuries were collected from one EMS organisation between January 2008 and January 2013. Coded data and free text notes were analysed. Results A total of 1082 patients were included in this study. Spinal immobilisation was applied in 96.3 % of the patients based on valid pre-hospital criteria. In 2.1 % of the patients immobilisation was not based on valid criteria. Data of 1.6 % patients were missing. Main reasons for spinal immobilisation were posterior midline spinal tenderness (37.2 % of patients) and painful distracting injuries (13.5 % of patients). Spinal cord injury (SCI) was suspected in 5.7 % of the patients with posterior midline spinal tenderness. A total of 15.8 % patients were immobilised using non-standard methods. The reason for departure from the standard method was explained for 3 % of these patients. Reported adverse effects included pain (n = 10, 0.9 %,); shortness of breath (n = 3, 0.3 %); combativeness or anxiety (n = 6, 0.6 %); and worsening of pain when supine (n = 1, 0.1 %). Conclusion/recommendation Spinal immobilisation was applied in 96.3 % of all included patients based on pre-hospital criteria. We found that consensus among EMS staff on how to interpret the criterion 'distracting injury' was lacking. Furthermore, the adverse effects of spinal immobilisation were incompletely documented in pre-hospital care reports. To provide validated information on potential symptoms of SCI, a uniform EMS scoring system for motoric assessment should be developed.
2022, Article / Letter to editor (Health Equity, vol. 6, iss. 1, (2022), pp. 40-48)Purpose: Appointment attendance is critical in monitoring health and well-being of children. Low income Medicaid-insured families with newborns often experience social risks that may affect attendance. This project sought to characterize social risk factors present at first newborn visits predictive of future appointment nonattendance. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of minority and Medicaid-insured population at St. Christopher's Hospital for Children using a standardized social risk screener administered at first newborn visits as part of routine clinical care. In total, 720 survey responses between December 2016 and June 2017 were correlated with electronic health record-derived sociodemographic and appointment attendance data in the first 6 months of life. Nonattendance included missed and canceled appointments. Caregiver-reported social risk factors were included as covariates in linear regressions predicting proportion nonattendance outcomes. Results: Newborn caregivers identified many social risk factors including mental health diagnoses (14%), lack of child care support (45%), and food insecurity (9%). Approximately 74% had nonattendance with 41% missing or canceling a quarter or more appointments. Number of siblings (p<0.01) and maternal age (p<0.01) were most predictive for nonattendance, respectively. Other social risks were not significant except for maternal mental health (p=0.01) among those identifying number of risk factors above cohort average (16%). Conclusion: Screening of newborns at first medical visits can be used to characterize social risks. Most social risk factors at first visits were not strongly predictive of nonattendance, although our results suggested associations between non-attendance and maternal demographics, mental health and household makeup.
2017, Article / Letter to editor (Brain and Behavior, (2017), pp. 1-8)Background: Both childhood trauma and negative memory bias are associated with the onset and severity level of several psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Studies on these risk factors, however, generally use homogeneous noncomorbid samples. Hence, studies in naturalistic psychiatric samples are lacking. Moreover, we know little about the quantitative relationship between the frequency of traumatic childhood events, strength of memory bias and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders; the latter being an index of severity. The current study examined the association of childhood trauma and negative memory bias with psychopathology in a large naturalistic psychiatric patient sample. Methods: Frequency of traumatic childhood events (emotional neglect, psychological-, physical- and sexual abuse) was assessed using a questionnaire in a sample of 252 adult psychiatric patients with no psychotic or bipolar- I disorder and no cognitive disorder as main diagnosis. Patients were diagnosed for DSM-V Axis-I and Axis-II disorders using a structured clinical interview. This allowed for the assessment of comorbidity between disorders. Negative memory bias for verbal stimuli was measured using a computer task. Results: Linear regression models revealed that the frequency of childhood trauma as well as negative memory bias was positively associated with psychiatric comorbidity, separately and above and beyond each other (all p <.01). Conclusions: The results indicate that childhood trauma and negative memory bias may be of importance for a broader spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses, besides the frequently studied affective disorders. Importantly, frequently experiencing traumatic events during childhood increases the risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders.
2022, Article in monograph or in proceedings (NordiCHI workshop - Age against the machine: A Call for Designing Ethical AI for and with Children)With the development of content-generating Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, such as generating images from a textual description, new possibilities for using such system in design processes arise. In this position paper, we argue that we need to explicitly incorporate children's values when we develop design methods that incorporate content-generating AI to protect their creative processes. In a mini-inquiry we find that children from different ages have articulate ideas about being in the same design space as a content-generating AI’s. They share concerns about fidelity, transparency and how it changes the level-playing field for them. To setup a safe and ethical design space when co-creating with children we foresee three important steps: 1) explore the value of children with respect to content-generation AI. 2) improve the accessibility of these systems for children and 3) study the effect of using such a system on creativity and innovation in a design process.