2018, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Social Intervention : Theory and Practice, vol. 27, iss. 6, (2018), pp. 4-23)Care farms in the Netherlands, also known as social farms, are thought of as valuable day services centres, and sometimes as residential care providers, for highly diverse and mixed groups. This article is about the features of happiness at care farms. The main question is: what is the potential for achieving happiness at care farms in the Netherlands? Psychologist Ap Dijksterhuis’ theory on the components of happiness serves as a conceptual framework. Based on a literature study examining the qualities and values of care farms, the features of happy living at care farms in the Netherlands are described and illustrated with examples from three present-day practices. The care farmers were interviewed about their ideas and methods in relation to contributing to a good and happy life for care farm participants. This ideal life is mainly accomplished by means of: the stimulation of flow experiences through (farm-based) activities, emphasizing a connection with others and with nature; and providing farm-based products and services to the surrounding community.
2014, Article / Letter to editor (Technological Forecasting and Social Change, (2014))Complex innovations involve multi-organizational ecologies consisting of a myriad of different actors. This study investigates how innovation activities can be interpreted in the context of multi-organizational ecologies. Taking a project-level perspective, this study proposes a typology of four activity sets that are relevant in this context: strategic predevelopment, engineering, commercialization, and project management. The authors use archival and survey data on government-funded sustainable energy projects in the Netherlands to study the validity and relevance of the typology and show that the typology has discriminant and convergent validity. Results on the prevalence of the activity sets show that all four activity sets occur in sustainable energy projects, but to differing degrees. Furthermore, the typology is relevant because it helps to explain differences in innovation performance for complex innovations. Two activity sets – strategic predevelopment activities and commercialization activities – have significant and positive effects on innovation performance, whereas the two other activity sets – engineering and project management – do not. The data show that for sustainable energy projects, commercialization activities are often insufficient, but important to reach high innovation performance.
2010, Article / Letter to editor (Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, vol. 2011, iss. 155, (2010), pp. A2241)Acute pijn komt vaak voor bij patiënten op de afdeling Spoedeisende Hulp en wordt nog steeds onderbehandeld. Herhaaldelijk meten en documenteren van pijn is essentieel voor adequate pijnbehandeling. De patiënt is richtinggevend in hoeveel analgesie nodig is. Gedurende het diagnostische proces hoort medicamenteuze pijnstilling niet te worden uitgesteld, ook niet in geval van buikpijn. Opioïden hebben een centrale rol in de behandeling van acute pijn; opiofobie is niet gerechtvaardigd. Adequate pijnbestrijding op de SEH dient zowel bij opname in het ziekenhuis als bij ontslag naar huis een effectief vervolg te krijgen.
2016, Article / Letter to editor (Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, vol. 22, iss. 2, (2016), pp. 198-218)Being adaptive to the individual novice teacher is considered a condition for effective teacher mentoring. The aims of this study are therefore to explore (1) mentoring activities through which mentors intend to adapt to the individual novice teacher and (2) characteristics of adaptive mentors. Information was collected through on-site, post-mentoring conversation interviews with 18 mentors holding different mentoring conceptions, from different programs for Initial Teacher Education in the Netherlands. Four adaptive mentoring activities were identified: (1) aligning mutual expectations about the mentoring process, (2) attuning to the novices' emotional state, (3) adapting the mentoring conversation to match the reflective capacity of the novice teacher, and (4) building tasks from simple to complex relative to the novices' competence level. Adaptive mentors were (1) more likely to mention activities intended to support construction of personal practical knowledge and (2) less likely to mention activities intended to create a favourable context for novice teacher learning. Suggestions for using findings to enhance mentor adaptiveness are discussed.
2020, Article in monograph or in proceedings (Chen, A.; Ruan, X.; Frangopol, D.M. (ed.), Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Innovation, Theory and Practice)
2011, Article / Letter to editor (Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, vol. 21, iss. 9, (2011))A gap between guidelines or protocols and clinical practice often exists, which may result in patients not receiving appropriate care. Therefore, the objectives of this systematic review were (1) to give an overview of professionals’ adherence to (inter)national guidelines and protocols in the emergency medical dispatch, prehospital and emergency department (ED) settings, and (2) to explore which factors influencing adherence were described in studies reporting on adherence. PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane database for systematic reviews were systematically searched. Reference lists of included studies were also searched for eligible studies. Identified articles were screened on title, abstract and year of publication (=1990) and were included when reporting on adherence in the eligible settings. Following the initial selection, articles were screened full text and included if they concerned adherence to a (inter)national guideline or protocol, and if the time interval between data collection and publication date was <10 years. Finally, articles were assessed on reporting quality. Each step was undertaken by two independent researchers. Thirty-five articles met the criteria, none of these addressed the emergency medical dispatch setting or protocols. Median adherence ranged from 7.8-95% in the prehospital setting, and from 0-98% in the ED setting. In the prehospital setting, recommendations on monitoring came with higher median adherence percentages than treatment recommendations. For both settings, cardiology treatment recommendations came with relatively low median adherence percentages. Eight studies identified patient and organisational factors influencing adherence. The results showed that professionals’ adherence to (inter)national prehospital and emergency department guidelines shows a wide variation, while adherence in the emergency medical dispatch setting is not reported. As insight in influencing factors for adherence in the emergency care settings is minimal, future research should identify such factors to allow the development of strategies to improve adherence and thus improve quality of care.
2011, Article in monograph or in proceedings (European federation of Critical Care Nursing associations (EfCCNa))Which factors influence paramedics’ and emergency nurses’ adherence to the acute care national protocols?
2014, Part of book or chapter of book (ging Workers and the Employee-Employer Relationship, pp. 221-242)While a relatively large literature outlines adjustment processes for retirees in general, very little empirical and theoretical attention has focused on the psychological adjustment process for bridge employees. That is to say, few studies have attempted to understand the psychological mechanisms that predict adjustment to bridge employment, and there is scant theory to direct such efforts. The present chapter outlines and defines adjustment for bridge employees from life-course, life-span developmental, and self-regulation perspectives. The role of both intrapersonal and external resources and demands on the bridge employment adjustment process are discussed. A model of adjustment to bridge employment is offered that incorporates the idea of contextual resources-demands fit, and suggests a process by which the application of intrapersonal resources is enhanced via an agentic self-efficacy cycle. Finally, future directions for research and are discussed.
2015, Part of book or chapter of book (Aging Workers and the Employee-Employer Relationship, pp. 221-242)While a relatively large literature outlines adjustment processes for retirees in general, very little empirical and theoretical attention has focused on the psychological adjustment process for bridge employees. That is to say, few studies have attempted to understand the psychological mechanisms that predict adjustment to bridge employment, and there is scant theory to direct such efforts. The present chapter outlines and defines adjustment for bridge employees from life-course, life-span developmental, and self-regulation perspectives. The role of both intrapersonal and external resources and demands on the bridge employment adjustment process are discussed. A model of adjustment to bridge employment is offered that incorporates the idea of contextual resources-demands fit, and suggests a process by which the application of intrapersonal resources is enhanced via an agentic self-efficacy cycle. Finally, future directions for research and are discussed.
2009, Article / Letter to editor (Ho Hoger Onderwijs Management, vol. 1, iss. 1, (2009), pp. 4-5)De Commissie Experimenten Open Bestel hoger onderwijs bracht onlangs een advies uit aan minister Plasterk rondom vragen als: is er voldoende ruimte voor nieuwe toetreders, is het zinvol die ruimte te vergroten en kan dat dan bijdragen aan meer variatie in leerroutes en betere toegang voor niet-traditionele doelgroepen? De belangrijkste punten uit het advies op een rij.
2017, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Social Intervention : Theory and Practice, vol. 26, iss. 1, (2017), pp. 88-92)Boekbespreking: Anja Machielse (2016). Afgezonderd of ingesloten? : Over sociale kwetsbaarheid van ouderen. Utrecht: Universiteit voor Humanistiek. 2016, 60 p., ISBN 9789082535822
2012, Book (monograph) Deze handleiding is onderdeel van de training "Werken met sociale netwerken van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking", die deel uitmaakt van het trainingspakket: Ondersteuning aan mensen met een verstandelijke beperking: 4 trainingen in werken met sociale netwerken en aansluiten bij cliënten en hun ouders. Dit trainingspakket is ontwikkeld door het lectoraat Zorg voor Mensen met een Verstandelijke Beperking van de Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen. Deze handleiding geeft de trainer handvaten bij het gebruik van de trainingsfilm om deelnemers te trainen in het gebruik van het instrument: Maastrichtse Sociale Netwerk Analyse voor mensen met een Verstandelijke Beperking (MSNA-VB) (zie link 2). Bijbehorende materialen: Bestand 1: Handleiding trainingsfilm Bestand 2: Werkmaterialen bij trainingsfilm Bestand 3: Filmfragmenten van trainingsfilm Deze handleiding bij de trainingsfilm heeft tot doel om deelnemers middels filmfragmenten te trainen in het gebruik van de Maastrichtse Sociale Netwerk Analyse voor mensen met een Verstandelijke Beperking (MSNA-VB) en is onderdeel van de training Werken met sociale netwerken van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking. Doelstelling van deze training is dat deelnemers zich bewust worden van het belang, de structuur en de betekenis van sociale netwerken van henzelf en van hun cliënten. Deelnemers worden gemotiveerd om (nieuwe) netwerkleden van cliënten te betrekken en krijgen handvatten om cliënten te motiveren dat te doen. Zij zijn in staat het sociale netwerk in kaart te brengen en te analyseren en op grond daarvan hulpbronnen uit te bouwen, om zo het sociale netwerk te versterken en uit te breiden.
2021, Article in monograph or in proceedings (proceedings worden niet gepubliceerd)The way in which individuals perceive their quality of life is influenced by the contexts in which they live. Each
of them perceives these contexts differently. Moreover, individuals' perception of their possibilities to
influence their context and make use of their resources, differs greatly and appears to depend on aspects as
individual motives, limiting or stimulating factors, resources, and whether these activities are meaningful to
them. These aspects are interrelated within their contexts in complex and fluid ways. To better understand this
fluidity we contend that the conceptualization of ?agency' of individuals from the Capabilities Approach, is
useful. Agency refers to the conversion of a person's assets into realistic opportunities, allowing him/her to
exercise agency by choosing how he/she prefers to function. This conversion process is limited or enhanced by
factors in the social, physical and personal environment. This suggests that Salutogenic theory and the
Capability Approach (CA) have complementary qualities. Therefore, we propose adding the dimension of
?agency' to the dimensions of SOC in the salutogenic model to better understand and facilitate how individuals
experience quality of life.
2012, Book (monograph) While governments around the world struggle to maintain service levels amid fiscal crises, social innovators are improving social outcomes for citizens by changing the system from within. In Agents of Change, three cutting-edge thinkers and entrepreneurs present case studies of social innovation that have led to significant social change. Drawing on original empirical research in the United States, Canada, Japan, Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands, they examine how ordinary people accomplished extraordinary results.
2011, Part of book or chapter of book (, pp. 117-146)De Franse filosoof Alain Badiou creëert in zijn werk een wiskundig universum, waarin verschillende gebeurtenissen, die toch ook weer een sterke samenhang vertonen, in de wereld oproepen tot een trouwverklaring hieraan. Ook al weet je vooraf niet wat deze gebeurtebnissen in de liefde, de politiek, de wetenschap en de kunst met je zullen doen. Die brandende onzelerheid biedt echter ook houvast.
2015, Article / Letter to editor (Facilities, vol. 33, iss. 13/14, (2015), pp. 775-793)Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how corporate real estate (CRE) managers of higher education institutions formulate their CRE strategies and CRE operating decisions to align CRE with the corporate strategies of these institutions. Design/methodology/approach – An analytical alignment framework has been developed, which was used to study the possible and actual connections between CRE management and corporate management at 13 large Dutch Universities of Applied Sciences. The data collection included a content analysis of the strategic plans of these universities and interviews with the CRE managers. Findings – The research findings show several layers of how CRE managers aim to align CRE with corporate goals to add value to the organization. It appears that the CRE strategies in-use are more clearly aligned with the corporate strategies than with the espoused CRE strategies. Practical implications – The paper emphasizes the relevance of involving CRE management in corporate decision-making to contribute to the attainment of the organizational objectives with an efficient and effective accommodation. Originality/value – Substantial changes in learning and teaching practices in higher education lead to evolving corporate strategies, which result in the need for aligned CRE strategies and CRE operating decisions. This paper makes practitioners and researchers aware of the differences between alignment-based espoused CRE strategies and alignment that results from CRE strategies in-use in the field of higher education. The findings and insights might be applicable in other sectors as well.
2010, Article / Letter to editor (De Lichamelijke Opvoeding, (2010), pp. 49-52)Veel leerlingen associëren sport met competitie, de strijd aangaan
en winnen en verliezen. Zeker in 2010 met talloze grote topsportevenementen zoals de Olympische Winterspelen en het WK voetbal staat sport als wedstrijd voor veel mensen voorop en beheersen
sportprestaties het nieuws. Als wij met ons vak leerlingen willen
voorbereiden op een actieve deelname aan de sport- en beweegcultuur dan is het noodzaak leerlingen met de wedstrijdcultuur in aanraking te laten komen. Hoe dat te bewerkstelligen op een dusdanige wijze dat de ‘verliezers’ niet in het gedrang komen is de insteek van dit artikel.
2013, Article / Letter to editor (Onderwijsinnovatie, vol. 15, iss. 1, (2013), pp. 36-39)Leren kent veel verschijningsvormen. In dit artikel een verslag van het proces dat binnen de bacheloropleiding Opleidingskunde, training & human development van de Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen (HAN) heeft gezorgd voor een omslag in denken en doen over teamprofessionalisering. Dit proces, met een andere benadering van leren, heeft een breed scala aan professionaliseringsactiviteiten opgeleverd.
2015, Article / Letter to editor (Dialogue in Praxis, vol. 4 (17), iss. 1-2, (2015), pp. 28-29)This article introduces the concept of alliance in youth care. The concept of (therapeutic) alliance originates in adult psychotherapy and related research. Alliance refers to the working relationship between youth care workers and their clients. Within this concept, personal (emotional) and task related components can be discerned. The body of psychotherapy research suggests that a positive alliance is perhaps the most powerful predictor of a positive outcome of the collaboration between clients and care professionals. The question that arises there from is: does this also hold true for youth care? Firstly, this article provides a brief overview of alliance, based on the research in psychotherapy (where the concept was thoroughly analysed). Secondly the article gives an overview of alliance in youth care, researched by the Research Group for Key Factors in Youth Care. It is presented as a vital factor within the conceptual theoretical frame of the Integrative Change Factors (ICF) model for youth care. The concept of the ICF model is followed by a description of the development of the YCAS, an instrument to measure alliance in youth care. In conclusion the article reflects on goals for future research on the concept of alliance, aimed at assessing its importance for youth care provision and at providing professionals with valid tools to boost and uphold their alliance building and monitoring skills.
2013, Article / Letter to editor (Jeugdkennis, (2013))Jongeren met een lichte verstandelijke beperking (lvb) die een delict hebben gepleegd, kunnen als leerstraf een socialevaardigheidstraining opgelegd krijgen. Motivatie is belangrijk voor het succes van zo’n straf, maar over het motiveren van lvb-jongeren is weinig bekend. Uit onderzoek van de William Schrikker Groep blijkt dat volgens de jongeren een goede relatie tussen trainer en jongere, het samen vaststellen van de doelen van de training en betrokkenheid van hun netwerk hun motivatie vergroten.
2017, Article / Letter to editor (Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme, vol. 16, iss. 1, (2017), pp. 2-21)Kinderen met een niet-Nederlandse achtergrond zijn ondervertegenwoordigd bij instellingen die gespecialiseerd zijn in het diagnosticeren en behandelen van autismespectrumstoornissen. Blijkbaar zorgen cultuurverschillen er voor dat zij niet in behandeling komen. Om hier meer over te weten te komen zijn diverse groepen betrokkenen (ouders, school-zorgcoördinatoren, huisartsen en behandelaars) gevraagd naar praktijkkennis over het diagnosticeren en behandelen van autisme bij kinderen met een andere culturele achtergrond. Op basis van deze informatie is een toolkit samengesteld die aan de hand van de praktische adviezen professionals kunnen helpen de culturele kloof te overbruggen en zo de diagnostiek en behandeling aan deze groep te verbeteren.
2011, Dissertation Depression is a widespread psychiatric disorder, which becomes chronic in 25-30% of cases. When psychiatric and psychological treatments are ineffective, chronic depressive patients are often assigned to long-term care which is mostly provided by mental health nurses. Due to factors strongly associated with chronicity (like dependency, demoralization and hopelessness) long-term care is a difficult undertaking both for patients and mental health nurses. Areas in which major problems occur are interpersonal functioning, treatment compliance and crisis management. In this research proposal, the development and testing of a best practice program for mental health nurses is presented. This program will support mental health nurses in recognizing, analyzing and acting upon problems in the care of chronic depressive patients. Interventions that are effective for these problems are systematically laid out in this best practice program. Both professionals and patients will benefit from this program as it aims to improve long-term care which may subsequently result in reduced costs of this form of care. Depressive disorders are among the most common of all psychiatric diseases (Kessler et al. 2003), resulting in high direct (health care) and indirect (work-related) costs (Stewart et al., 2003). Most depression incidents can be treated effectively with medication, psychotherapy or a combination of both. Unfortunately, in a considerable amount of cases (25-35%) the disease becomes chronic (Spijker Goal: The development and testing of a nursing best practice program consisting of evidence-based mental health nursing interventions for patients with a chronic depression. This project will result in a best practice program that enables mental health nurses to provide evidence-based care for patients with chronic depression. With reference to the problems mentioned above, it will help mental health nurses in recognizing, analyzing and acting upon: 1) patients interpersonal problems This project consists of four distinct phases: 1) inventory, analysis and prioritization of problems in current practice (12 months)
2012, Part of book or chapter of book ()Economies around the globe have evolved into being largely service-oriented economies. Consumers no longer just want a printer or a car, they rather ask for a printing service or a mobility service. In addition, service-oriented organizations increasingly exploit new devices, technologies and infrastructures. Agility is the ability to deal with such changing requirements and environments. Agile ways of working embrace change as a positive force and harness it to the organizations competitive advantage. The approach described in this book focuses on the notion of a service as a piece of functionality that offers value to its customers. Instead of solely looking at agility in the context of system or software development, agility is approached in a broader context. The authors illustrate three kinds of agility that can be found in an agile enterprise: business, process and system agility. These three types of agility reinforce each other and establish the foundation for the agile enterprise. Architecture, patterns, models, and all of the best practices in system development contribute to agile service development and building agile applications. This book addresses two audiences. On the one hand, it aims at agile and architecture practitioners who are looking for more agile ways of working in designing and building business services or who are interested in extending and improving their agile methods by using models and model-based architectures. On the other hand, it addresses students of (enterprise) architecture and software development or service science courses, both in computer science and in business administration.
2011, Article in monograph or in proceedings (Vervoerslogistieke werkdagen)To what extent will trends in the packaging industry determine or influence the future dimensions of freight carriers? In this study we have identified these trends and studied the possible impact on the sizes of the truck of the future. It was part of a dissertation for the MSc programme in Logistics and Supply Chain management of the University of Westminster. This dissertation has been carried out within the context of the HTAS-EMS research project, in which amongst others MAN, University of Technology Eindhoven, TNO and HAN University of Applied Sciences cooperate to determine the requirements for the truck of the future. In this part of the project research was carried out to find out a possible influence of packaging on the requirement of Logistic Service Providers for the next generation of trucks.
2011, Part of book or chapter of book (HAN Business Publications, pp. 113-124)To what extent will trends in the packaging industry determine or influence the future dimensions of freight carriers? In this study we have identified these trends and studied the possible impact on the sizes of the truck of the future. It was part of a dissertation for the MSc programme in Logistics and Supply Chain management of the University of Westminster. This dissertation has been carried out within the context of the HTAS-EMS research project, in which amongst others MAN, University of Technology Eindhoven, TNO and HAN University of Applied Sciences cooperate to determine the requirements for the truck of the future. In this part of the project research was carried out to find out a possible influence of packaging on the requirement of Logistic Service Providers for the next generation of trucks.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Emergency Nursing, (2012))Adherence to ambulance and ED protocols is often suboptimal. Insight into factors influencing adherence is a requisite for improvement of adherence. This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of factors that influence ambulance and emergency nurses’ adherence to protocols.
2010, Article in monograph or in proceedings (11th Heavy Vehicle Transport Technology symposium, Melbourne)The paper discusses the derivation of test data for three tractor-semitrailer combinations, to be used for strength and durability analysis of semi-trailers with the ultimate goal to reduce the semitrailer mass. Mathematical relationships have been used to transfer these data to representative loading data for the semi-trailer, in terms of forces and moments in all directions at the axles and king-pin, being used to optimize weight without compromising the vehicle resistance to fatigue. These activities have been the starting point of a follow-up project FORWARD (Fuel Optimised trailer Referring to Well Assessed Realistic Design loads) including now eleven different trailer manufacturers, and the Dutch Chassis and Body work association FOCWA. FORWARD will extend the previous approach with the objective to lower the trailer weight in order to improve the ratio of payload to fuel consumption. FORWARD consists of the following steps (1) a testing program, the larger part of which corresponds to normal use for a representative period, (2) to apply these data to validate a vehicle model allowing the derivation of representative loading data, and exploration of the effect of design changes on these loading data, (3) to apply these loading data for further FEM analysis of the global chassis and of local critical points.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (FEMS Microbiol Letters, vol. 335, iss. 2, (2012), pp. 104-112)To increase knowledge on haem biosynthesis in filamentous fungi like Aspergillus niger, pathway-specific gene expression in response to haem and haem intermediates was analysed. This analysis showed that iron, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and possibly haem control haem biosynthesis mostly via modulating expression of hemA [coding for 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS)]. A hemA deletion mutant (?hemA) was constructed, which showed conditional lethality. Growth of ?hemA was supported on standard nitrate-containing media with ALA, but not by hemin. Growth of ?hemA could be sustained in the presence of hemin in combination with ammonium instead of nitrate as N-source. Our results suggest that a branch-off within the haem biosynthesis pathway required for sirohaem synthesis is responsible for lack of growth of ?hemA in media containing nitrate as sole N-source, because of the requirement of sirohaem for nitrate assimilation, as a cofactor of nitrite reductase. In contrast to the situation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cysteine, but not methionine, was found to further improve growth of ?hemA. These results demonstrate that A. niger can use exogenous hemin for its cellular processes. They also illustrate important differences in regulation of haem biosynthesis and in the role of haem and sirohaem in A. niger compared to S. cerevisiae.
2011, Article in monograph or in proceedings (EEVC)The objective of an energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems is to minimize the fuel needed to provide the required power demand. This minimization is defined as an optimization problem. Methods such as dynamic programming numerically solve this optimization problem. Strategies such as the equivalent consumption minimization strategy derive an analytical solution based on low-order models that approximate fuel cell stack and battery behavior. This paper presents an analytical solution based on models of the fuel cell system and battery close to physics. Apart from an analytical solution, this solution provides a fundamental understanding of the energy management problem. Because the solution is analytic and does not need a priori knowledge, the computation time is limited, and real-time implementation is possible. The solution presented is validated against existing optimizing energy management strategies in both simulations and experiments. For simulations, a midsize distribution truck is chosen. Experiments are carried out on a 10-kW scale test facility that comprises a fuel cell system, a battery, a motor with load, and an electronic load. In both simulations and measurements, the solution presented in this paper performs best compared to the equivalent consumption minimization strategy and a range-extender strategy, although the differences are within 3%. In the simulations, the solution presented approaches a minimum in fuel consumption, derived offline using dynamic programming, within 1%.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, iss. 5, (2012), pp. 1986-1998)The objective of an energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems is to minimize the fuel needed to provide the required power demand. This minimization is defined as an optimization problem. Methods such as dynamic programming numerically solve this optimization problem. Strategies such as the equivalent consumption minimization strategy derive an analytical solution based on low-order models that approximate fuel cell stack and battery behavior. This paper presents an analytical solution based on models of the fuel cell system and battery close to physics. Apart from an analytical solution, this solution provides a fundamental understanding of the energy management problem. Because the solution is analytic and does not need a priori knowledge, the computation time is limited, and real-time implementation is possible. The solution presented is validated against existing optimizing energy management strategies in both simulations and experiments. For simulations, a midsize distribution truck is chosen. Experiments are carried out on a 10-kW scale test facility that comprises a fuel cell system, a battery, a motor with load, and an electronic load. In both simulations and measurements, the solution presented in this paper performs best compared to the equivalent consumption minimization strategy and a range-extender strategy, although the differences are within 3%. In the simulations, the solution presented approaches a minimum in fuel consumption, derived offline using dynamic programming, within 1%.[