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Browsing by Author "Heerkens, Y.F."
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Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and an organizational health intervention on Dutch teachers’ mental health Janssen, M.H.M.G. ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Heijden, Beatrice van der ; Korzilius, Hubert ; Peters, P. ; Engels, J.A.2022, Article / Letter to editor (Health Promotion International, (2022), pp. 1-15) -
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Translation, adaptation, validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the 'blue flags' questionnaire Westerweel, A ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Oswald, W. ; Sennehed, CP ; Stigmar, K. ; Hees, S.G.M. van ; Lankveld, W.G.J.M. van ; Hutting, N.2021, Article / Letter to editor (European Journal of Physiotherapy, (2021))Purpose: To translate and culturally adapt the Swedish version of the 'Blue flags' questionnaire into Dutch and to examine the validity and reliability aspects of the Dutch version. Methods: The 'Blue flags' questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted to the Dutch situation. A total of 58 participants filled in the first questionnaire at baseline and 51 participants filled in the second questionnaire sent two weeks later. The data of the participants who filled in the first questionnaire was used to determine internal consistency, structural validity and concurrent validity. The data of the participants who filled in both questionnaires was used to determine test-retest reliability. Results: The internal consistency was good with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. The structural validity was satisfactory with a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test of 0.75 and a significance of p < .001 for the Bartlett's test. Four factors were extracted using principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation with an explained total variance of 70.8%. Spearman's rho for concurrent validity was 0.68 (p < .001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest was 0.80 (p < .001) for the total score. Conclusions: The Dutch version of the 'Blue flags' questionnaire showed good internal consistency, satisfactory structural validity, strong concurrent validity (with mixed item representation results) and strong reliability.
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PHYSIOTHERAPY WORKS: RCT ON THE (COST-)EFFECTIVENESS OF A PHYSICAL THERAPIST-LED, WORK-ORIENTED INTERVENTION IN PEOPLE WITH AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS Bakker, NF ; Knoop, J. ; Hutting, N. ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Engels, J.A. ; Staal, J.B. ; Leeden, M van der ; Boonen, A ; Vlieland, TPMV ; Weely, SFE van2021, Article / Letter to editor (Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, vol. 39, iss. 5, (2021), pp. 1240)
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The effects of integrating work-related factors and improving cooperation in musculoskeletal physical therapy practice: protocol for the 'WORK TO BE DONE' cluster randomised controlled trial. Hutting, N. ; Oswald, W. ; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G. ; Filart, M. ; Raaijmakers, T. ; Bieleman, H.J. ; Staal, J.B. ; Heerkens, Y.F.2020, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 21, iss. 1, (2020), pp. 360)BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the primary cause of disability worldwide and a major societal burden. Recent qualitative research found that although a patient's work is considered important, physical therapists take work participation insufficiently into account as a determining factor in the treatment of patients with MSDs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve the effectiveness of physical therapy (in primary healthcare) with respect to the work participation of employees with MSDs by increasing the knowledge and skills of generalist physical therapists and by improving the collaboration between generalist physical therapists and physical therapists specialised in occupational health. METHODS/DESIGN: This trial is a two-arm non-blinded cluster randomised controlled trial. Working patients with MSDs visiting a physical therapy practice are the target group. The control group will receive normal physical therapy treatment. The intervention group will receive treatment from a physical therapist with more knowledge about work-related factors and skills in terms of integrating work participation into the patients' care. Data are gathered at baseline (T0), at four months (T1) and eight months (T2) follow-up. Most outcomes will be assessed with validated patient-reported questionnaires. Primary outcomes are the limitations in specific work-related activities and pain during work. Secondary outcomes include limitations in general work-related activities, general pain, quality of life, presenteeism, sick leave (absenteeism), estimated risk for future work disability, work-related psychosocial risk factors, job performance, and work ability. Based on a sample size calculation we need to include 221 patients in each arm (442 in total). During data analysis, each outcome variable will be analysed independently at T1 and at T2 as a dependent variable using the study group as an independent variable. In addition to the quantitative evaluation, a process evaluation will be performed by interviewing physical therapists as well as patients. DISCUSSION: The trial is expected to result in a more effective physical therapy process for working patients with MSDs. This will lead to a substantial reduction of costs: lower costs thanks to a more effective physical therapy process and lower costs due to less or shorter sick leave and decreased presenteeism. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register, registration number: NL8518, date of registration 9 April 2020, URL registration: https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8518.
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Assessment instruments of movement quality in patients with non-specific low back pain: A systematic review and selection of instruments Dijk, M.J.H. ; Smorenburg, N.T.A. ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Mollema, J. ; Kiers, H. ; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G. ; Visser, B.2020, Article / Letter to editor (Gait & Posture, vol. 2020 Feb, iss. 76, (2020), pp. 346-357)
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Remodeling of the ICF: A commentary. 2020, Article / Letter to editor (Disability and Health Journal, vol. 14, iss. 1, (2020), pp. 1-5)
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Work-Focused Health Care: The Role of Physical Therapists 2020, Article / Letter to editor (Physical Therapy, vol. 100, iss. 12, (2020), pp. 2231-2236)
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Content Validation of a Practice Based Work Capacity Assessment Instrument Using ICF Core Sets. 2020, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, vol. 31, iss. June, (2020), pp. 293-315)
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Update 1 van het Handboek arbeid & gezondheid 2020, Part of book or chapter of book (Handboek arbeid & gezondheid)
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Self-management support for people with non-specific low back pain: A qualitative survey among physiotherapists and exercise therapists. 2020, Article / Letter to editor (Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 50, (2020), pp. 102269)BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is a major problem across the globe and is the leading cause worldwide of years lost to disability. Self-management is considered an important component the treatment of people with non-specific LBP. However, it seems that the self-management support for people with non-specific LBP provided by physiotherapists can be improved. Moreover, the way exercise therapists (ET) address self-management in practice is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the ideas, opinions and methods used by physiotherapists and ET with regard to self-management and providing self-management support to patients with non-specific LBP. METHODS: This study was a qualitative survey. An online questionnaire with open-ended questions was developed. The survey was conducted among physiotherapists and ET working in the Netherlands. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Respondents considered self-management support an important topic in physiotherapy and exercise therapy for people with non-specific LBP. In the self-management support provided by the respondents, providing information and advice were frequently mentioned. The topics included in the support given by the respondents covered a broad range of important factors. The topics frequently focused on biomechanical factors. The majority of respondents had a need with regard to self-management or providing self-management support. These needs include having more knowledge, skills and tools aimed at facilitating self-management. CONCLUSION: The way physiotherapists and ET address self-management in people with non-specific LBP is not optimal and should be improved.
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A study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial on mindfulness-based stress reduction: studying effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and an additional organisational health intervention on mental health and work-related perceptions of teachers in Dutch secondary vocational schools. Janssen, M.H.M.G. ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Heijden, Beatrice van der ; Korzilius, Hubert ; Peters, P. ; Engels, J.A.2020, Article / Letter to editor (Trials, vol. 21, iss. 1, (2020), pp. 376)
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Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training on Healthcare Professionals' Mental Health: Results from a Pilot Study Testing Its Predictive Validity in a Specialized Hospital Setting. Janssen, M.H.M.G. ; Heijden, Beatrice van der ; Engels, J.A. ; Korzilius, Hubert ; Peters, P. ; Heerkens, Y.F.2020, Article / Letter to editor (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, iss. 24, (2020), pp. 9420)
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Hoofdstuk 2: Methodisch handelen 2019, Part of book or chapter of book (Former, M. (ed.), Informatorium voor Voeding en Diëtetiek)
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Hoofdstuk 3: Eenduidig taalgebruik bij het diagnostisch en therapeutisch handelen van de diëtist 2019, Part of book or chapter of book (Former, M. (ed.), Informatorium voor Voeding en Diëtetiek)
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Hoofdstuk 4: Meetinstrumenten voor de diëtetiek 2019, Part of book or chapter of book (Former, M. (ed.), Informatorium voor Voeding en Diëtetiek)
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Promoting the Use of Self-management Strategies for People With Persistent Musculoskeletal Disorders: The Role of Physical Therapists. 2019, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 49, iss. 4, (2019), pp. 212-215)
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Hoofdstuk 2: Wat is arbeid, wat is gezondheid? 2019, Part of book or chapter of book (Heerkens, Y.F.; Bieleman, A.; Miedema, H. (ed.), Handboek Arbeid & Gezondheid)
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Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding 2019, Part of book or chapter of book (Heerkens, Y.F.; Bieleman, A.; Miedema, H. (ed.), Handboek Arbeid & Gezondheid)
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Hoofdstuk 3: Terminologie, modellen en instrumenten 2019, Part of book or chapter of book (Heerkens, Y.F.; Bieleman, A.; Miedema, H. (ed.), Handboek Arbeid & Gezondheid)
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Hoofdstuk 4: Het veld Arbeid & Gezondheid: de spelers en het beroepsmatig handelen 2019, Part of book or chapter of book (Heerkens, Y.F.; Bieleman, A.; Miedema, H. (ed.), Handboek Arbeid & Gezondheid)
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Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on employees' mental health: A systematic review. 2018, Article / Letter to editor (PLoS One, vol. 13, iss. 1, (2018), pp. e0191332)OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this exploratory study was to obtain greater insight into the effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on the mental health of employees. METHODS: Using PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL, we performed a systematic review in October 2015 of studies investigating the effects of MBSR and MBCT on various aspects of employees' mental health. Studies with a pre-post design (i.e. without a control group) were excluded. RESULTS: 24 articles were identified, describing 23 studies: 22 on the effects of MBSR and 1 on the effects of MBSR in combination with some aspects of MBCT. Since no study focused exclusively on MBCT, its effects are not described in this systematic review. Of the 23 studies, 2 were of high methodological quality, 15 were of medium quality and 6 were of low quality. A meta-analysis was not performed due to the emergent and relatively uncharted nature of the topic of investigation, the exploratory character of this study, and the diversity of outcomes in the studies reviewed. Based on our analysis, the strongest outcomes were reduced levels of emotional exhaustion (a dimension of burnout), stress, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and occupational stress. Improvements were found in terms of mindfulness, personal accomplishment (a dimension of burnout), (occupational) self-compassion, quality of sleep, and relaxation. CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic review suggest that MBSR may help to improve psychological functioning in employees.
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Elaboration of the contextual factors of the ICF for Occupational Health Care. 2017, Article / Letter to editor (Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, vol. 57, iss. 2, (2017), pp. 187-204)BACKGROUND: Many work-related items are not included in the current classification of environmental factors from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Furthermore, personal factors are not classified and the ICF only provides a very limited list of examples. These facts make the ICF less useful for occupational health care and for research in the field of occupation and health. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this discussion paper is to introduce an elaboration of contextual factors, focussing on factors that influence work participation. METHODS: During the last 12 years, we developed two concept lists from the bottom up. These lists are based on our experiences in teaching and research, suggestions from students and other researchers, and factors found in the literature. In the fall of 2015 a scoping literature review was done to check for missing factors in these two concept lists. RESULTS: An elaboration of contextual factors, consisting of a list of work-related environmental factors and a list of personal factors. CONCLUSIONS: Important contextual factors that influence work participation are identified. Researchers, teachers, students, occupational and insurance physicians, allied health care professionals, employers, employees, and policy makers are invited to use the elaboration and to make suggestions for improvement. The elaboration and the suggestions received can be used in the ICF revision process. The development of an ICF ontology must be given priority, to give room to this elaboration, which will increase the applicability of the ICF and enable mapping with other terminologies and classifications.
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Informal care, employment and quality of life: Barriers and facilitators to combining informal care and work participation for healthcare professionals. 2017, Article / Letter to editor (Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, vol. 58, iss. 2, (2017), pp. 215-231)BACKGROUND: In The Netherlands, one out of six Dutch employees has informal care tasks; in the hospital and healthcare sector, this ratio is one out of four workers. Informal carers experience problems with the combination of work and informal care. In particular, they have problems with the burden of responsibility, a lack of independence and their health. These problems can reveal themselves in a variety of mental and physical symptoms that can result in absenteeism, reduction or loss of (work) participation, reduction of income, and even social isolation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the factors that informal carers who are employed in healthcare organizations identify as affecting their quality of life, labour participation and health. METHODS: We conducted an exploratory study in 2013-2014 that included desk research and a qualitative study. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare employees who combine work and informal care. Data were analyzed with Atlas-TI. RESULTS: We identified five themes: 1. Fear and responsibility; 2. Sense that one's own needs are not being met; 3. Work as an escape from home; 4. Health: a lack of balance; and 5. The role of colleagues and managers: giving support and understanding. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents combine work and informal care because they have no other solution. The top three reasons for working are: income, escape from home and satisfaction. The biggest problems informal carers experience are a lack of time and energy. They are all tired and are often or always exhausted at the end of the day. They give up activities for themselves, their social networks become smaller and they have less interest in social activities. Their managers are usually aware of the situation, but informal care is not a topic of informal conversation or in performance appraisals. Respondents solve their problems with colleagues and expect little from the organization.
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Work participation of patients with musculoskeletal disorders: is this addressed in physical therapy practice? Oswald, W. ; Hutting, N. ; Engels, J.A. ; Staal, J.B. ; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G. ; Heerkens, Y.F.2017, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, vol. 12, (2017), pp. 27)BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are the main complaints for visiting a physical therapist (PT) in primary health care; they have a negative effect on an individual's quality of life and result in a major cost to society. Qualitative research has shown that physical therapists (PTs) treating patients with these disorders experience barriers in the integration of occupational factors within their practice, and also revealed a lack of cooperation between PTs and (other) occupational healthcare providers. The aim of this study is to quantitatively investigate how generalist PTs in the Netherlands, who treat patients with musculoskeletal disorders, currently integrate occupational factors within their practice, and to identify their opinions and needs with regard to enhancing the integration of the patient's work within physical therapy practice. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among generalist PTs who treat working-age (18-67 years) patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Generalist PTs were contacted for participation via digital news-mails and asked to fill out an online survey which was developed based on the results of a recent qualitative study. The survey consisted of: i) demographics of the participants, ii) questions on how generalist PTs currently integrate occupational factors within their practice, and iii) asked their opinion about the integration of occupational factors within physical therapy. The PTs were also asked about their needs with regard to the integration of occupational factors and with regard to cooperation with other (occupational) health professionals. All answers (using Likert scales) are presented as the number and percentage of the respondents reporting those specific answers, whereas all other answers are presented as means and standard deviations. RESULTS: Of the 142 respondents, 64% indicated that occupational factors should be addressed to a greater extent within physical therapy. To have the possibility to bill for a workplace assessment (60.6%) and more knowledge about laws and regulations (50%) were identified as needs of the respondents. Only 14.8% of the respondents indicated that they communicate with or consult a PT specialized in occupational health. Only 12.7% of the participants who do not have a specialized PT within their practice sometimes/regularly refer patients to a specialized PT. CONCLUSIONS: Although generalist PTs address occupational factors within their practice, there is room for improvement. This study also identified a lack of cooperation between generalist PTs and PTs specialized in occupational health.
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Physical therapists and importance of work participation in patients with musculoskeletal disorders: a focus group study. Hutting, N. ; Oswald, W. ; Staal, J.B. ; Engels, J.A. ; Nouwens, E ; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G. ; Heerkens, Y.F.2017, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 18, iss. 1, (2017), pp. 196)BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are a major health problem resulting in negative effects on wellbeing and substantial costs to society. Work participation is associated with positive benefits for both mental and physical health. Potentially, generalist physical therapists (GPTs) can play an important role in reducing absenteeism, presenteeism and associated costs in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. However, work participation is often insufficiently addressed within generalist physical therapy practice (GPTP). Therefore, this study evaluates whether GPTs take work participation into account as a determining factor in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, and how this might be improved. METHODS: This qualitative study consisted of seven focus groups involving 30 participants: 21 GPTs and 9 occupational physical therapists (OPTs). Based on an interview guide, participants were asked how they integrate work participation within their practice, how they collaborate with other professionals, and how GPTs can improve integration of the patient's work within their practice. RESULTS: Although participants recognized the importance of work participation, they mentioned that the integration of this item in their GPTP could be improved. Generally, GPTs place insufficient priority on work participation. Moreover, there is a lack of cooperation between the generalist physical therapist and (other) occupational healthcare providers (including OPTs), and the borderlines/differences between generalist physcial therapy and occupational health physcial therapy were sometimes unclear. GPTs showed a lack of knowledge and a need for additional information about several important work-related factors (e.g. work content, physical and psychosocial working conditions, terms of employment). CONCLUSIONS: Although a patient's work is important, GPTs take insufficient account of work participation as a determining factor in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. GPTs often lack specific knowledge about work-related factors, and there is insufficient cooperation between OPTs and other occupational healthcare providers. The integration of work participation within GPTP, and the cooperation between GPTs and other occupational healthcare providers, show room for improvement.
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Experiences of Participants in a Self-Management Program for Employees with Complaints of the Arm, Neck or Shoulder (CANS): A Mixed Methods Study Hutting, N. ; Detaille, S.I. ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Engels, J.A. ; Staal, J.B. ; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G.2017, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, vol. 27, (2017), pp. 35-48)
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A new typology of work schedules: Evidence from a cross-sectional study among nurses working in residential elder care 2016, Article / Letter to editor (Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, vol. 54, iss. 1, (2016), pp. 21-33)BACKGROUND: Work schedules contribute substantially to the health and well-being of nurses. Too broad typologies are used in research that do not meet the current variety in work schedules. OBJECTIVE: To develop a newtypology for nurses' work schedules based on five requirements and to validate the typology. METHODS: This study is based on a questionnaire returned by 498 nurses (response 51%) including questions regarding nurses' work schedule, socio-demographic, and family characteristics and their appraisal of the work schedule. Frequencies of the different schedules were computed to determine the typology. To validate the typology, differences between the types were tested with ANOVAs, Chi(2) and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: Five main types can be distinguished based on predetermined requirements and frequencies, namely: (1) fixed early shift, (2) rotating two shift pattern without night shift, (3) rotating three shift pattern, (4) fixed and rotating two shift pattern including night shift, and (5) fixed normal day or afternoon shifts. Nurses in these types of work schedule differed significantly with respect to hours worked, days off between shifts, age, education, years in the job, commuting time, contribution to household income, satisfaction with work schedule and work schedule control. Especially nurses with type 3 schedules differed from other types. CONCLUSIONS: A typology of five main types of work schedules is proposed. Content validity of the typology is sufficient and the new typology seems useful for research on work-related aspects of nursing.
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Hoe zien bedrijven de rol van de diëtist bij leefstijlbevordering op de werkvloer? Een onderzoek naar de wensen en behoeften van bedrijven over de inzet van de diëtist bij leefstijlbevordering op de werkvloer. 2016, Article / Letter to editor (Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Voeding & Diëtetiek, vol. 71, iss. 4, (2016), pp. S1-S8)
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Development of a self-management intervention for employees with complaints of the arm, neck and/or shoulder (CANS): a focus group study with experts. 2015, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, vol. 10, (2015), pp. 9)BACKGROUND: Many people suffer from complaints of the arm, neck and/or shoulder (CANS). The complaints are persistent and there is a need for intervention programs for those with longstanding CANS. Studies suggest that a behavioural change is needed in employees with CANS. A self-management program with an add-on eHealth module might be an effective option to achieve the behavioural change needed to manage the complaints in employees with CANS. The aim of this study was to determine the content and strategies of the intervention and to gain insight into possible barriers and facilitators for implementation. Therefore, we examined the views of experts on the problems and characteristics associated with employees with CANS as well as their opinion on a self-management program consisting of self-management sessions and an eHealth module. METHODS: A qualitative study was performed consisting of three focus groups involving a total of 17 experts (with experience with CANS, self-management and/or eHealth interventions). Experts were asked their opinion about the content and requirements of a self-management program for employees with CANS, including an eHealth module. Data were analysed using qualitative data analysis. After coding, the emergent themes were used to organise the data into main categories, expressing the ideas and opinions of experts on CANS, self-management and/or eHealth interventions. RESULTS: The experts pointed out that the intervention should focus on increasing employees' self-efficacy and empowerment, and address topics related to the possible risk factors for CANS, symptoms, work environment, social environment and personal factors. The eHealth module should be self-explanatory and attractive, and the information provided should be brief, clear and concise. CONCLUSIONS: Experts appeared to see a role for a self-management program for employees with CANS. They indicated that the combination of group sessions and eHealth can work well. Experts provided valuable information with regard to the content of the self-management intervention and the design of the eHealth module.
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Effect evaluation of a self-management programme for employees with complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder: a randomised controlled trial. Hutting, N. ; Staal, J.B. ; Engels, J.A. ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Detaille, S.I. ; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G.2015, Article / Letter to editor (Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 72, iss. 12, (2015), pp. 852-861)OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a self-management intervention (including an eHealth module), compared with usual care, in employees with chronic non-specific complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder (persisting >3 months). METHODS: Participants were randomised into the self-management group (SG) or usual care group (UCG). The SG participated in 6 self-management sessions and could use an eHealth module; the UCG could use all available usual care. The primary outcome of the study was score on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH). Secondary outcomes included: absenteeism, pain in the previous week, quality of life, pain catastrophising, self-efficacy, work style, presenteeism, fatigue, and limitations experienced during work. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equations (GEE) linear regression and Mann-Whitney U tests, and were collected at baseline, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: On the general module of the DASH, no significant difference between SG and the UCG was detected. On most of the other outcome measures, there were no significant between-group differences. In the DASH work module, the between-group effect was -3.82 (95% CI -7.46 to -0.19, p=0.04). For limitations experienced in job-related activities the between-group effect was -1.01 (95% CI -1.97 to -0.04, p=0.04). The mean hours of sport activities in the past 3 months, measured at 12 months, was 1.00 h (95% CI -1.90 to -0.12 h, p=0.03) less in the SG compared with the UCG. CONCLUSIONS: The self-management intervention improved the participants' perceived disability during work. Since no significant between-group differences were found on most outcome measures, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Dutch Trial Registration number NTR 3816.
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Development of a Vitality Scan related to workers' sustainable employability: a study assessing its internal consistency and construct validity. 2015, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Public Health, vol. 15, (2015), pp. 551)BACKGROUND: Most validated sustainable employability questionnaires are extensive and difficult to obtain. Our objective was to develop a usable and valid tool, a Vitality Scan, to determine possible signs of stagnation in one's functioning related to sustainable employability and to establish the instrument's internal consistency and construct validity. METHODS: A literature review was performed and expert input was obtained to develop an online survey of 31 items. A sample of 1722 Dutch employees was recruited. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. The underlying theoretical concepts were extracted by factor analysis using a principal component method. For construct validity, a priori hypotheses were defined for expected differences between known subgroups: 1) older workers would report more stagnation than younger workers, and 2) less educated workers would report more problems than the highly educated ones. Both hypotheses were statistically tested using ANOVA. RESULTS: Internal consistency measures and factor analysis resulted in five subscales with acceptable to good reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.72-0.87). These subscales included: balance and competence, motivation and involvement, resilience, mental and physical health, and social support at work. Three items were removed following these analyses. In accordance with our a priori hypothesis 1, the ANOVA showed that older workers reported the most problems, while younger workers reported the least problems. However, hypothesis 2 was not confirmed: no significant differences were found for education level. CONCLUSIONS: The developed Vitality Scan - with the 28 remaining items - showed good measurement properties. It is applicable as a user-friendly, evaluative instrument for worker's sustainable employability. The scan's value for determining whether or not the employee is at risk for a decrease in functioning during present and future work, should be further tested.
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Development of a self-management program for employees with complaints of the arm, neck, and/or shoulder: an intervention mapping approach Hutting, N. ; Detaille, S.I. ; Engels, J.A. ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Staal, J.B. ; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G.2015, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, vol. 2015, iss. 8, (2015), pp. 307-320)To develop a self-management program with an additional eHealth module, using the six steps of the intervention mapping (IM) protocol, to help employees with complaints of the arm, neck, and/or shoulder (CANS) cope with their problems. In Step 1 of the IM protocol, a needs assessment was performed consisting of a review of the Dutch multidisciplinary guidelines on CANS, and of focus group sessions with employees with CANS (n=15) and with relevant experts (n=17). After the needs assessment, the objectives of the intervention and the determinants of self-management at work were formulated (Step 2). Furthermore, theory-based intervention methods and practical strategies were selected (Step 3), and an intervention program (including the eHealth module) was developed (Step 4). Finally, plans for implementation and evaluation of the program were developed (Steps 5 and 6). Step 1 of the IM protocol revealed that employees with CANS should be stimulated to search for information about the cause of their complaints, about how to deal with their complaints, and in which manner they can influence their complaints themselves. In Step 2, the overall goal of the intervention was defined as "self-management behavior at work" with the aim to alleviate the perceived disability of the participants. Step 3 described how the intervention methods were translated into practical strategies, and goal setting was introduced as an important method for increasing self-efficacy. The product of Step 4 was the final program plan, consisting of 6-weekly group sessions of 2.5 hours each and an eHealth module. In Step 5, a recruitment plan and course materials were developed, a steering committee was set up, trainers were recruited, and the final program was tested. In Step 6, an evaluation plan was developed, which consists of a randomized controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up period and a qualitative evaluation (interviews) with some of the participants.
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Development and measurement properties of the Dutch version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6). 2014, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, vol. 24, iss. 2, (2014), pp. 268-277)OBJECTIVE: To develop a Dutch version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) and examine the reliability and discriminant, discriminative and structural validity of the Dutch SPS-6 (DSPS-6). METHODS: The original SPS-6 (English-language) was translated and adapted to the Dutch culture. Thirty participants filled in the DSPS-6 at baseline (T0) and after 5 days (T1). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability (Spearman's correlation coefficient, Spearman's rho), item-to-total correlations, discriminant validity (association with job stress and job satisfaction), discriminative validity (patients reporting a (work) disability compared with those indicating that they had no disability; Spearman's rho, t tests), structural validity (Varimax rotation with Kaiser Normalization) and floor and ceiling effects were examined. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha for the DSPS-6 was 0.89. Test-retest Spearman's rho was 0.82 (p < 0.01). Item-to-total correlations ranged from 0.60 to 0.82. Subjects reporting a work disability had significantly lower DSPS scores (discriminative validity). Spearman's rho for the DSPS-6 score and job satisfaction were 0.38 (p = 0.05; at T0) and 0.27 (at T1), respectively. Spearman's rho for the association between the DSPS-6 and job stress were -0.52 (p = 0.01; at T0) and -0.42 (p = 0.05; at T1), respectively (discriminant validity). The two factors derived from the principal components analysis account for 77.5 % of the variance of responses (structural validity). A ceiling effect was present. CONCLUSIONS: The DSPS-6 showed good reliability and structural validity. The discriminative validity of the DSPS-6 is partly supported. The concept of presenteeism is not sufficiently distinct from the constructs of job stress and job satisfaction (discriminant validity). The results of the present study show that the adaptation of the SPS-6 into Dutch was successful. Further research on the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the DSPS-6 in a larger group of participants is recommended.
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Experiences of employees with arm, neck or shoulder complaints: a focus group study. 2014, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 15, (2014), pp. 141)BACKGROUND: Many people suffer from complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder (CANS). CANS causes significant work problems, including absenteeism (sickness absence), presenteeism (decreased work productivity) and, ultimately, job loss. There is a need for intervention programs for people suffering from CANS. Management of symptoms and workload, and improving the workstyle, could be important factors in the strategy to deal with CANS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the experienced problems of employees with CANS, as a first step in an intervention mapping process aimed at adaptation of an existing self-management program to the characteristics of employees suffering from CANS. METHODS: A qualitative study comprising three focus group meetings with 15 employees suffering from CANS. Based on a question guide, participants were asked about experiences in relation to continuing work despite their complaints. Data were analysed using content analysis with an open-coding system. During selective coding, general themes and patterns were identified and relationships between the codes were examined. RESULTS: Participants suffering from CANS often have to deal with pain, disability, fatigue, misunderstanding and stress at work. Some needs of the participants were identified, i.e. disease-specific information, exercises, muscle relaxation, working with pain, influence of the work and/or social environment, and personal factors (including workstyle). CONCLUSIONS: Employees suffering from CANS search for ways to deal with their complaints in daily life and at work. This study reveals several recurring problems and the results endorse the multi-factorial origin of CANS. Participants generally experience problems similar to those of employees with other types of complaints or chronic diseases, e.g. related to their illness, insufficient communication, working together with healthcare professionals, colleagues and management, and workplace adaptations. These topics will be addressed in the adaptation of an existing self-management program to the characteristics of employees suffering from CANS.
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Factors influencing work participation of adults with developmental dyslexia: a systematic review. 2014, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Public Health, vol. 14, (2014), pp. 77)BACKGROUND: Evidence has been synthesized to determine hindering and facilitating factors associated with the work participation of adults with developmental dyslexia (DD), classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). METHODS: A systematic literature review has been performed. Two search strings were used to determine the population and the context of work. The ICF was expanded with two subdivisions: one that made the environmental factors more work-related and a subdivision of personal factors. For data extraction the method known as qualitative metasummary was used and the manifest frequency effect size (MFES) for each category in the ICF was calculated. RESULTS: From 33 included studies 318 factors have been extracted and classified in the ICF. In the classification the frequency of occurrences and the consistency in direction (i.e., hindering or facilitating) have been made visible. The ICF categories with the highest MFES were mental functions with factors like feelings and emotions about dyslexia; activities like reading or writing/spelling; participation with factors like acquiring and keeping a job; social relationships at work where the attitudes and support of the employer and co-workers are important; working conditions with factors like the availability of assistive technology and accommodations on the job; and personal factors like self-disclosure and coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of work DD affects nearly all domains of functioning, mostly in a negative way. Within each domain the impact of DD increases over the course of life. To overcome that negative influence, many forms of adaptation, compensation, or coping are mentioned. Also notable is the lack of positive attitudes toward DD of the participants with DD-with the exception of the attitudes of teachers with DD-as well as on the part of colleagues, supervisors, and employers.
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Functioning in lymphedema from the patients’ perspective using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and health (ICF) as a reference Viehoff, Peter ; Neumann, Martino ; Damstra, Robert ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Gielink, Petra ; Ravensberg, Dorine van2014, Article / Letter to editor (Acta Oncologica, vol. 54, iss. 3, (2014), pp. 1-11)To capture the views of different health care providers involved in the treatment of patients with lymphoedema from various countries around the world on the functioning of lymphoedema patients and the factors influencing functioning of these patients using the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). A worldwide e-mail survey with questions based on components of the ICF. In total, 142 health professionals from seven different health professions and 20 different countries answered the questions. The aspects of functioning that were named by the health professionals could be linked to 359 different ICF categories. Of these categories, 109 belonged to body functions (30.4%), 55 to body structures (15.3%), 121 to activities and participation (33.7%) and 74 to environmental factors (20.6%). Overall, the most mentioned items were health services, systems and policies, immunological system functions, looking after ones health, products and technology for personal use in daily life and dressing. The ICF provided a valuable reference for identifying concepts in statements from international health care professionals experienced in the treatment of lymphoedema patients. The results of this research will be used in the development of ICF core sets for lymphoedema.
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How Persons with a Neuromuscular Disease Perceive Employment Participation : A Qualitative Study Minis, Marie-Antoinett van ; Satink, T. ; Kinébanian, Astrid ; Engels, J.A. ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Engelen, B.G.M. van ; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G.2014, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, vol. 24, iss. 1, (2014), pp. 52-67)Introduction A qualitative study was carried out to understand how people with a slow progressive adult type neuromuscular disease (NMD) perceive employment participation. Methods 16 paid employed persons with NMD were interviewed in open, in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Results Four themes were identified in the analyses: (1) Experiences regarding the meaning of work; (2) Solving problems oneself; (3) Reaching a turning point; and (4) Taking into account environmental aspects. Persons with NMD highlighted benefits of staying at work as well as the tension they felt how to shape decisions to handle progressive physical hindrances in job retention. This study shows how participants at work with NMD were challenged to keep up appearances at work and at home, the tension felt around when and if to disclose, the effect of their condition on colleagues and work reorganization challenges. Participants experienced that disclosure did not always make things better. With increasing disability participants’ focus shifted from the importance of assistive products towards considerate colleague, in particular superior’s willingness in supporting job retention.
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Measuring fatigue in polio survivors: Content comparison and reliability of the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Checklist Individual Strength 2014, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 46, iss. 8, (2014), pp. 761-767)Objectives: To compare the content of the Fatigue Severity Scale and the subscale "subjective experience of fatigue" of the Checklist Individual Strength, and (ii) to assess the reliability of both questionnaires in polio survivors. Design: Repeated-measures at a 3-week interval. Subjects: Consecutive series of 61 polio survivors. Methods: Concepts contained in the questionnaire items were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), using standardized linking rules. Reliability analyses included tests of internal consistency, test-retest reliability and measurement error. Results: Questionnaires differed in the extent to which they measured other than fatigue-related aspects of functioning (represented ICF components: "Body functions": 50% and 80%, "Activities and Participation": 30% and 0%, for the Fatigue Severity Scale and Checklist Individual Strength, respectively). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were considered acceptable, while measurement error was large (Cronbachs a: 0.90 and 0.93, intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.80 and 0.85, smallest detectable change: 28.7% and 29.4% for the Fatigue Severity Scale and Checklist Individual Strength, respectively). Conclusion: Considering the acceptable clinimetric properties, we conclude that both the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Checklist Individual Strength can be applied in research on post-poliomyelitis syndrome when measuring fatigue. However, because the 2 questionnaires differ in content they cannot be used interchangeably. -
The ambiguity of the concept of participation in measurement instruments: Operationalization of participation influences research outcomes 2014, Article / Letter to editor (Clinical Rehabilitation, vol. 28, iss. 12, (2014))This study explores, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, the consequences of different operationalizations of participation in regression models predicting participation in one sample of patients.
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Why peer assessment helps to improve clinical performance in undergraduate physical therapy education : A mixed methods design Maas, M.J.M. ; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G. ; Wees, Philip van der ; Sluijsmans, Dominique ; Vleuten, Cees van der ; Heerkens, Y.F.2014, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Medical Education, vol. 14, iss. 117, (2014))Background: Peer Assessment (PA) in health professions education encourages students to develop a critical attitude towards their own and their peers’ performance. We designed a PA task to assess students' clinical skills (including reasoning, communication, physical examination and treatment skills) in a role-play that simulated physical therapy (PT) practice. Students alternately performed in the role of PT, assessor, and patient. Oral face-to-face feedback was provided as well as written feedback and scores.This study aims to explore the impact of PA on the improvement of clinical performance of undergraduate PT students. Methods: The PA task was analyzed and decomposed into task elements. A qualitative approach was used to explore students' perceptions of the task and the task elements. Semi-structured interviews with second year students were conducted to explore the perceived impact of these task elements on performance improvement. Students were asked to select the elements perceived valuable, to rank them from highest to lowest learning value, and to motivate their choices. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed, using a phenomenographical approach and following template analysis guidelines. A quantitative approach was used to describe the ranking results. Results: Quantitative analyses showed that the perceived impact on learning varied widely. Performing the clinical task in the PT role, was assigned to the first place (1), followed by receiving expert feedback (2), and observing peer performance (3). Receiving peer feedback was not perceived the most powerful task element. Qualitative analyses resulted in three emerging themes: pre-performance, true-performance, and post-performance triggers for improvement. Each theme contained three categories: learning activities, outcomes, and conditions for learning. Intended learning activities were reported, such as transferring prior learning to a new application context and unintended learning activities, such as modelling a peer’s performance. Outcomes related to increased self-confidence, insight in performance standards and awareness of improvement areas. Conditions for learning referred to the quality of peer feedback. Conclusions: PA may be a powerful tool to improve clinical performance, although peer feedback is not perceived the most powerful element. Peer assessors in undergraduate PT education use idiosyncratic strategies to assess their peers’ performance.
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A self-management program for employees with complaints of the arm, neck, or shoulder (CANS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. 2013, Article / Letter to editor (Trials, vol. 14, (2013), pp. 258)BACKGROUND: Complaints of the arm, neck, or shoulder (CANS) have a multifactorial origin and cause considerable work problems, including decreased work productivity, sickness absence, and, ultimately, job loss. There is a need for intervention programs for people with CANS. Self-management is an approach used in chronic disease care to improve self-efficacy and wellness behaviors to facilitate participants to make informed choices and carry them out. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a self-management program (including ehealth) and compare it to usual care among employees with chronic CANS (lasting >3 months). METHODS/DESIGN: This is a randomized controlled trial in which 142 participants will be recruited and randomized (with pre-stratification) to either the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). The IG will participate in a self-management program consisting of six group sessions and an ehealth module. The CG is allowed to use all usual care available. The primary outcome of the study is the self-reported disability of arm, shoulder, and hand, measured with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH). Secondary outcomes include: absenteeism, pain in the previous week, quality of life, catastrophizing pain, self-efficacy, workstyle, presenteeism, fatigue, the use of usual care, and limitations experienced on the job. Data are collected at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. DISCUSSION: Following the process of intervention mapping we developed a self-management program to suit and alleviate the problems and needs of employees with CANS. A strength of the study is that our intervention is specifically tailored to match the needs of employees with CANS. The study also has some potential weaknesses (for example, use of co-interventions, combination of group sessions and ehealth, self-reporting of data and possible contamination, Hawthorne effect, and recall or information bias) which are discussed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered with the Dutch Trial Register (http://www.trialregister.nlNTR3816): (January 2013). The first participant was randomized in September 2012.
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Effect Evaluation of a Self-Management Program for Dutch Workers with a Chronic Somatic Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial 2013, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, vol. 2013, iss. 23, (2013), pp. 189-199)Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a Self-Management Program for workers with a chronic disease. This program is based on the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program of Stanford University, modified for workers with a chronic somatic disease. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of a Self-Management Program was evaluated. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 57) and the control group (n = 47). The experimental group received an intervention, the control group received care as usual. Primary outcome measures were self-efficacy at work and the attitude towards self-management at work. Secondary outcomes were the SF-12 health survey questionnaire, job satisfaction and intention to change job. The results were measured at baseline, after the intervention and 8 months after the intervention. Results: The attitude towards self-management at work (enjoyment) improved after 8 months for the intervention group (p = 0.030). No other outcome variable differed significantly. As an interaction effect, it was found that low educated workers developed a better physical health quality (SF-12) in the intervention group compared with the control group. The attitude towards self-management at work (importance) improved in the intervention group for older and female workers and the attitude toward enjoying self-management at work improved for female workers only. Conclusion: The results show that low educated workers, older workers and women benefit significantly more from the training than higher educated workers, younger workers and men.
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De herziene ergotherapierichtlijn CVA : Nóg meer evidence-based, cliëntgecentreerd en gericht op het handelen in de context! 2012, Article / Letter to editor (Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift voor Ergotherapie, vol. 5, iss. 4, (2012), pp. 53-58)De herziene ergotherapierichtlijn CVA (Cerebraal Vasculair Accident) is volop in ontwikkeling en wordt in maart 2013 gepresenteerd. De herziene richtlijn is vanzelfsprekend nóg meer evidence-based, cliëntgecentreerd, op het handelen gericht en in de context gesitueerd. Deze column heeft een informatief karakter en geeft een voorproefje van de vernieuwingen die in de herziene ergotherapierichtlijn CVA worden opgenomen. Deze herzieningen sluiten aan bij de Zorgstandaard CVA/TIA die in november 2012 gepresenteerd is aan het werkveld (1). In de zorgstandaard wordt beschreven wat zorgverleners, cliënten en familie mogen verwachten van de zorg aan CVA-cliënten in alle fases van zorg na het CVA en dit is gebaseerd op de wensen en verwachtingen van cliënten en hun naasten. Ontwikkelingen waar de ergotherapierichtlijn CVA naadloos bij aansluit zijn de wens dat zorg goed aansluit op het functioneren thuis en het hebben van meer regie door cliënten en naasten tijdens het zorgproces.
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Exploring employment in consultation reports of patients with neuromuscular diseases Minis, Marie-Antoinett van ; Cup, Edith ; Heerkens, Y.F. ; Engels, J.A. ; Engelen, B.G.M. van ; Oostendorp, Rob2012, Article / Letter to editor (Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 93, iss. 12, (2012), pp. 2276-2280)To explore consultation reports for patient and employment characteristics and recommendations on employment regarding patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). Eighty percent of the included consultation reports contained information on employment. Less than half the patients with NMD were employed, most in office-related jobs, using some kind of adaptations. Nineteen of 20 patients who agreed to recommendations regarding therapy were adequately referred by occupational therapists and physical therapists for treatment of employment problems.
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Impact of multimorbidity on functioning: evaluating the ICF core set approach in an empirical study of people with rheumatic diseases 2012, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 44, iss. 8, (2012), pp. 664-668)Chronic conditions can lead to considerable deterioration in functioning. Several condition-specific Core Sets, selections of categories from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), have been developed to facilitate the rehabilitation process. Considering the increase in patients with more than one specific condition, we evaluated the impact of multimorbidity on functioning and the implications for the Core Set approach. Design: Internet survey. Multimorbidity seriously aggravates the already existing functioning problems of people with rheumatic disease. We recommend that in the ICF Core Set approach more emphasis is given to systematic empirical analysis of the impact of multimorbidity on functioning.
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Leefstijl werknemers een zaak van werkgevers? : Mening opinieleiders 2012, Article / Letter to editor (Cahier meer met mensen, vol. 5, iss. 1, (2012), pp. 6-7)Algemeen wordt aangenomen dat een vitale werknemer beter presteert en minder vaak verzuimt. Dat betekent dat de werkgever een belang heeft bij de leefstijl van de werknemer. Hij kan die op twee manieren beïnvloeden: aan de ene kant door op het werk goede arbeidsomstandigheden te creëren en gezondheidsinitiatieven en -faciliteiten aan te bieden. En aan de andere kant door zich te bemoeien met het privéleven van de werknemer. Tot hoever mag de werkgever gaan? Cahier peilde de meningen van een aantal opinieleiders, actief op het gebied van werk en gezondheid.
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Arbeid & Gezondheid : Een handboek voor paramedici & arboprofessionals 2011, Book (monograph) Het bevorderen van duurzame arbeidsparticipatie is een kerntaak voor paramedici en arboprofessionals. In sociaal opzicht is arbeidsparticipatie belangrijk omdat het bijdraagt aan zelfstandigheid en zelfrespect. Maar niet iedereen kan een baan vinden of houden. Bovendien zullen door de stijgende pensioenleeftijd meer werknemers te kampen krijgen met arbeidsbeperkingen. Hoe kunt u als paramedicus of arboprofessional uw cliënten ondersteunen in het arbeidsparticipatieproces? Het antwoord op deze vraag vindt u in de tweede editie van Arbeid & Gezondheid. De geactualiseerde denkmodellen en onderwerpen in dit handboek dienen als handvatten voor professionals om de arbeidsparticipatie van hun cliënten te optimaliseren. Daarbij is kennis vanuit verschillende disciplines noodzakelijk. In de eerste editie lag de nadruk op interventie (preventie, behandeling en reïntegratie). Deze uitgebreide herziening bespreekt de rol van professionals in drie praktische contexten: (meer) aan het werk, aan het werk (blijven) en weer aan het werk. Daarvoor wordt in deel 1 het theoretische kader aangeboden. Deel 2 gaat vervolgens in op de praktische kant en geeft onder andere talloze tips, voorbeelden en nuttige adressen.
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Bespreekbaar maken van overgewicht op de werkplek; kan dat en wie moet het doen? 2011, Article / Letter to editor (Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschap, vol. 2011, iss. 89, (2011), pp. 114-121)Overgewicht is momenteel het snelst groeiende volksgezondheidsprobleem in Nederland. Uit eerder onderzoek blijkt dat werknemers met overgewicht twee maal zo vaak verzuimen en minder productief zijn dan collegas zonder overgewicht. Om overgewicht bij werknemers aan te pakken, of liever nog te voorkómen, is van belang om te weten hoe leidinggevenden, medewerkers en professionals aankijken tegen het bespreekbaar maken en aanpakken van overgewicht en eventuele andere leefstijlfactoren op de werkplek. Het in dit artikel beschreven onderzoek richt zich op de verantwoordelijkheden en mogelijkheden van werkgever en werknemer rondom de preventie van overgewicht. Methoden: Met leidinggevenden en werknemers van een groot ziekenhuis, diëtisten, bedrijfsartsen en arbeidsdeskundigen werden semigestructureerde interviews gehouden om te inventariseren hoe men denkt over ‘het bespreken van leefstijl op de werkplek’, met name van overgewicht. Resultaten: Om de onderzoeksvraag te beantwoorden is een schema ontworpen met de belangrijkste uitspraken uit de interviews met de genoemde groepen. Er bleek een redelijke consensus over het feit dat de leidinggevende werknemers mag aanspreken op hun leefstijl. Een faciliterende en motiverende aanpak is dan aan te bevelen, dwang wordt afgeraden. Geadviseerd wordt om behalve aan overgewicht en obesitas ook aandacht te besteden aan andere leefstijlaspecten en aan de balans tussen werk en privé. Conclusie: Er is zeker een draagvlak om ‘op de werkvloer’ aandacht te besteden aan een gezonde leefstijl. Leidinggevenden moeten bijvoorbeeld door training geholpen worden om hun rol hierbij vorm te geven. Het bespreekbaar maken van leefstijlthemas wordt als lastig ervaren. Voorlopig is een optie hier een onafhankelijke leefstijlcoach of diëtist voor in te schakelen.
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