2017, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 18, iss. 1, (2017), pp. 196)BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are a major health problem resulting in negative effects on wellbeing and substantial costs to society. Work participation is associated with positive benefits for both mental and physical health. Potentially, generalist physical therapists (GPTs) can play an important role in reducing absenteeism, presenteeism and associated costs in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. However, work participation is often insufficiently addressed within generalist physical therapy practice (GPTP). Therefore, this study evaluates whether GPTs take work participation into account as a determining factor in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, and how this might be improved. METHODS: This qualitative study consisted of seven focus groups involving 30 participants: 21 GPTs and 9 occupational physical therapists (OPTs). Based on an interview guide, participants were asked how they integrate work participation within their practice, how they collaborate with other professionals, and how GPTs can improve integration of the patient's work within their practice. RESULTS: Although participants recognized the importance of work participation, they mentioned that the integration of this item in their GPTP could be improved. Generally, GPTs place insufficient priority on work participation. Moreover, there is a lack of cooperation between the generalist physical therapist and (other) occupational healthcare providers (including OPTs), and the borderlines/differences between generalist physcial therapy and occupational health physcial therapy were sometimes unclear. GPTs showed a lack of knowledge and a need for additional information about several important work-related factors (e.g. work content, physical and psychosocial working conditions, terms of employment). CONCLUSIONS: Although a patient's work is important, GPTs take insufficient account of work participation as a determining factor in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. GPTs often lack specific knowledge about work-related factors, and there is insufficient cooperation between OPTs and other occupational healthcare providers. The integration of work participation within GPTP, and the cooperation between GPTs and other occupational healthcare providers, show room for improvement.
2020, Article / Letter to editor (Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol. 86, (2020))Aim: Living with a chronic condition or a disability at older age impacts social participation. Social connections and social activities seem interrelated leading to heterogeneous patterns in social participation. The aim of this study was to identify a typology in social participation among older adults with disabilities, and to relate this typology to their background characteristics and well-being measures. Methods: A total of 1775 older adults with disabilities or chronic conditions aged 65-97 were sampled from a nationwide panel study in the Netherlands. Social participation was assessed by various measures related to social connections, social informal activities, voluntary work, effort to increase social participation, and online social participation. A latent class analysis was carried out to identify a typology of social participation. Differences between these classes were explored with multinomial regression analyses and pairwise comparisons. Results: Four classes were found: social withdrawers (22.5%, n = 399), proximate social dwellers (14.5%, n = 257), moderately active social dwellers (37.2%, n = 660) and pro-active social dwellers (25.9%, n = 459). Background characteristics, such as living alone and severity of disability, differed significantly among classes. Regarding well-being measures, it appeared that pro-active social dwellers had the most positive scores. Social withdrawers were most prone to reduced life satisfaction and health related quality of life and increased loneliness and experienced participation restrictions. Conclusions: A typology with four patterns based on a wide spectrum of social participation aspects in older adults with disabilities was identified. This typology may help to assess the risk for reduced well-being of older adults with disabilities.
2011, Article / Letter to editor (Quality of Life Research, vol. 4, iss. 20 (10), (2011), pp. 1617-1627)To examine to what extent the concept and the domains of participation as defined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) are represented in general cancer-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments. Using the ICF linking rules, two coders independently extracted the meaningful concepts of ten instruments and linked these to ICF codes. The proportion of concepts that could be linked to ICF codes ranged from 68 to 95%. Although all instruments contained concepts linked to Participation (Chapters d7-d9 of the classification of Activities and Participation), the instruments covered only a small part of all available ICF codes. The proportion of ICF codes in the instruments that were participation related ranged from 3 to 35%. Major life areas (d8) was the most frequently used Participation Chapter, with d850 remunerative employment as the most used ICF code. The number of participation-related ICF codes covered in the instruments is limited. General cancer-specific HRQOL instruments only assess social life of cancer patients to a limited degree. This studys information on the content of these instruments may guide researchers in selecting the appropriate instrument for a specific research purpose.
1994, Article / Letter to editor (Ergonomics, vol. 37, iss. 5, (1994), pp. 909-919)The working postures of Dutch nurses (n = 18) in an orthopaedic ward and a urology ward were observed using the Ovako Working posture Analysis System (OWAS). During observation, both working postures and activities were recorded. A specially developed computer program was used for data analysis. By means of this program, it was possible to calculate the working posture load for each activity and the contribution of a specific activity to the total working posture load. This study shows that some activities of the nurses in both wards were performed with poor working postures. In the orthopaedic (resp. urology) ward two (resp. one) out of 19 observed postures of parts of the body were classified as Action Category 2. Moreover, 20% (resp. 16%) of the so-called typical working postures was classified in Action Category 2. This suggests, that in both wards working postures that are slightly harmful to the musculoskeletal system, occur during a substantial part of the working day. Differences between both wards with respect to working posture load and time expenditure were determined. Activities causing the workload to fall into OWAS higher Action Categories were identified. The data show that poor working postures in the nursing profession not only occur during patient handling activities but also during tasks like 'administration'. Focusing on patient-handling (i.e., lifting patients) in order to determine the load on the musculoskeletal system would therefore lead to an underestimation of the total working posture load of nurses.
2021, Article / Letter to editor (Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 78, iss. A25, (2021))Abstract
Introduction Workplace health promotion (WHP) programs have shown to be effective in the reduction of body weight, increased psychological wellbeing and perceived health of employees. Despite the potential benefits for employees, participation rates of WHP programs are often low (10–64%).
Objectives To get more insight into reasons for (non)participation, the objective of this study was to identify the barriers and facilitators for participation in WHP programs from the employee perspective.
Methods Peer-to-peer interviewing, a method derived from citizen science, was used to actively involve the target group of employees. In total 14 employees working in the cleaning-, ICT- and facility- sector were trained to conduct interviews themselves with co-workers. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to create an initial codebook, complemented with the constructs ‘interpersonal’ and ‘intrapersonal factors’ from the Social Ecological Model. Data were coded both deductively and inductively, and ranked by two researchers independently.
Results In total, 62 peer-to-peer interviews were conducted by the 14 peer-interviewers. Preliminary findings show that main barriers for participation in WHP interventions are a lack of knowledge about the programs and a negative attitude towards WHP (e.g. no belief that their employer can help them with improving their lifestyle). Facilitating factors identified were fit of the WHP activities to the employees’ needs and available (working) time to participate.
Conclusion Our findings on the main barriers and facilitators for participation in WHP according to employees may contribute to more successful implementation and higher participation rates in future WHP programs.
2019, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Management & Organization, vol. 25, iss. 4, (2019), pp. 464-480)In this exploratory case study based on qualitative research, we explore the perspectives and experiences of autistic self-advocates in the Netherlands regarding autism, (self-)advocacy, and consumer-run organizations. The focus of our study is a consumer-run organization by and for adult Persons on the Autism Spectrum in the Netherlands: PAS-Nederland or PAS for short. Our analysis reveals four themes relevant to the acceptance and integration of adults with autism into society and work: (1) invisibility of autistic adults; (2) diversity of the autism spectrum; (3) autistic leadership; and (4) collaboration between people with and without autism. We discuss the practical implications of our findings for the inclusion of people with autism in work and society. Our study underscores the importance of putting autistic people at the center of decision-making processes and solutions aimed at improving their outcomes in society, in general, and in the workplace specifically.
2016, Article / Letter to editor (Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, vol. 54, iss. 1, (2016), pp. 21-33)BACKGROUND: Work schedules contribute substantially to the health and well-being of nurses. Too broad typologies are used in research that do not meet the current variety in work schedules. OBJECTIVE: To develop a newtypology for nurses' work schedules based on five requirements and to validate the typology. METHODS: This study is based on a questionnaire returned by 498 nurses (response 51%) including questions regarding nurses' work schedule, socio-demographic, and family characteristics and their appraisal of the work schedule. Frequencies of the different schedules were computed to determine the typology. To validate the typology, differences between the types were tested with ANOVAs, Chi(2) and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: Five main types can be distinguished based on predetermined requirements and frequencies, namely: (1) fixed early shift, (2) rotating two shift pattern without night shift, (3) rotating three shift pattern, (4) fixed and rotating two shift pattern including night shift, and (5) fixed normal day or afternoon shifts. Nurses in these types of work schedule differed significantly with respect to hours worked, days off between shifts, age, education, years in the job, commuting time, contribution to household income, satisfaction with work schedule and work schedule control. Especially nurses with type 3 schedules differed from other types. CONCLUSIONS: A typology of five main types of work schedules is proposed. Content validity of the typology is sufficient and the new typology seems useful for research on work-related aspects of nursing.
2018, Article / Letter to editor (Social Inclusion, vol. 6, iss. 4, (2018), pp. 149-157)The transition from higher education to the labour market is experienced as difficult by students with a disability. This gap between higher education and the labour market has tangible consequences for the participation of (young) people with a disability. Research shows that these students have a higher unemployment rate. This article addresses this gap by studying existing research data and by exploring experiences of students with a disability and other stakeholders as collected by the Dutch expert centre Handicap + Studie. We focus on the perspectives and responsibilities of the different parties involved: educational institutions, employers, municipalities, ministries and students with a disability. With this exercise, we want to contribute to putting this 'gap' and its stakeholders on the research agenda, arguing that more in-depth research on the transition from higher education to the labour market for students with a disability is needed. We will therefore conclude with themes that need to be researched in order to gain more knowledge for reducing the gap.
2020, Article / Letter to editor (Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 42, iss. 11, (2020), pp. 1561-1568)Purpose: To develop and evaluate an interdisciplinary group intervention for patients with myotonic dystrophy regarding healthy nutrition, meal preparation, and consumption, called Meet and Eat. Materials and methods: A design-based approach was used, exploring experiences and needs of patients with myotonic dystrophy and their next of kin. This resulted in a 4-week interdisciplinary outpatient group intervention to increase awareness and change behavior. In a mixed-method feasibility study this intervention was evaluated with participants and facilitators. Results: Participants reported on social impact of difficulties with eating and drinking (speaking, swallowing, and social embarrassment) and a variety of complaints affecting meal preparation and consumption. Patients and family members expressed the wish to learn from others. After delivery of the intervention, self-reported outcome measures demonstrated improvement on eating and drinking issues in daily life. The qualitative evaluation showed increased awareness and appreciation of the following design principles: peer support, multidisciplinary approach, active involvement of patient with myotonic dystrophy and their next of kin by using personal goals and motivational interviewing. Conclusion: Participation in Meet and Eat seemed to increase insight in patients' condition and ways of management. However, a longer self-management life style program is recommended to change behavior.
2014, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 46, iss. 8, (2014), pp. 761-767)Objectives: To compare the content of the Fatigue Severity Scale and the subscale "subjective experience of fatigue" of the Checklist Individual Strength, and (ii) to assess the reliability of both questionnaires in polio survivors. Design: Repeated-measures at a 3-week interval. Subjects: Consecutive series of 61 polio survivors. Methods: Concepts contained in the questionnaire items were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), using standardized linking rules. Reliability analyses included tests of internal consistency, test-retest reliability and measurement error. Results: Questionnaires differed in the extent to which they measured other than fatigue-related aspects of functioning (represented ICF components: "Body functions": 50% and 80%, "Activities and Participation": 30% and 0%, for the Fatigue Severity Scale and Checklist Individual Strength, respectively). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were considered acceptable, while measurement error was large (Cronbachs a: 0.90 and 0.93, intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.80 and 0.85, smallest detectable change: 28.7% and 29.4% for the Fatigue Severity Scale and Checklist Individual Strength, respectively). Conclusion: Considering the acceptable clinimetric properties, we conclude that both the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Checklist Individual Strength can be applied in research on post-poliomyelitis syndrome when measuring fatigue. However, because the 2 questionnaires differ in content they cannot be used interchangeably.
1998, Article / Letter to editor (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol. 71, iss. 8, (1998), pp. 537-542)OBJECTIVES: To fit a model which describes the complex interaction between various work-related factors and both musculoskeletal and psychosomatic complaints of nurses simultaneously and to compare the results with those of two LISREL models, in which the health outcome variables are analyzed separately in terms of their correlation with the same set of work-related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nurses (n=718) working in four Dutch nursing homes completed a questionnaire about work-related factors and musculoskeletal and psychosomatic complaints (response 81%). LISREL was used to describe and analyse the models. RESULTS: The full model had a reasonable overall fit. The strongest (and statistically significant) correlations were found between work postures and musculoskeletal complaints and between psychosocial work demands and psychosomatic complaints. In the two single models, health outcomes showed statistically significant correlations with the same work-related factors as they did in the full model. The full model could be slightly improved when the variable somatized complaints (e.g., dizzyness, headache) was related both to musculoskeletal complaints and to psychosomatic complaints. CONCLUSIONS: Although a model that simultaneously describes more dependent variables appears to provide a better approximation of the complexity of the actual relationship between work-related factors and health effects, the models in which only one health outcome is studied seem to give a proper description of the data at hand. This is an important finding because these single health outcome models resemble the usual analysis strategy by means of standard regression analysis. The adapted version of the full model suggests that musculoskeletal complaints of nurses can partly be understood as non-specific health complaints.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (Cahier meer met mensen, vol. 5, iss. 1, (2012), pp. 6-7)Algemeen wordt aangenomen dat een vitale werknemer beter presteert en minder vaak verzuimt. Dat betekent dat de werkgever een belang heeft bij de leefstijl van de werknemer. Hij kan die op twee manieren beïnvloeden: aan de ene kant door op het werk goede arbeidsomstandigheden te creëren en gezondheidsinitiatieven en -faciliteiten aan te bieden. En aan de andere kant door zich te bemoeien met het privéleven van de werknemer. Tot hoever mag de werkgever gaan? Cahier peilde de meningen van een aantal opinieleiders, actief op het gebied van werk en gezondheid.
2019, Article / Letter to editor (International Journal for Equity in Health, vol. 18, iss. 1, (2019))Background One way to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is the implementation of health insurance schemes. A robust and up to date overview of empirical evidence assessing and substantiating health equity impact of health insurance schemes among specific vulnerable populations in LMICs beyond the more common parameters, such as income level, is lacking. We fill this gap by conducting a systematic review of how social inclusion affects access to equitable health financing arrangements in LMIC. Methods We searched 11 databases to identify peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 1995 and January 2018 that addressed the enrolment and impact of health insurance in LMIC for the following vulnerable groups: female-headed households, children with special needs, older adults, youth, ethnic minorities, migrants, and those with a disability or chronic illness. We assessed health insurance enrolment patterns of these population groups and its impact on health care utilization, financial protection, health outcomes and quality of care. Results The comprehensive database search resulted in 44 studies, in which chronically ill were mostly reported (67%), followed by older adults (33%). Scarce and inconsistent evidence is available for individuals with disabilities, female-headed households, ethnic minorities and displaced populations, and no studies were yielded reporting on youth or children with special needs. Enrolment rates seemed higher among chronically ill and mixed or insufficient results are observed for the other groups. Most studies reporting on health care utilization found an increase in health care utilization for insured individuals with a disability or chronic illness and older adults. In general, health insurance schemes seemed to prevent catastrophic health expenditures to a certain extent. However, reimbursements rates were very low and vulnerable individuals had increased out of pocket payments. Conclusion Despite a sizeable literature published on health insurance, there is a dearth of good quality evidence, especially on equity and the inclusion of specific vulnerable groups in LMIC. Evidence should be strengthened within health care reform to achieve UHC, by redefining and assessing vulnerability as a multidimensional process and the investigation of mechanisms that are more context specific.
2017, Article / Letter to editor (Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, vol. 58, iss. 2, (2017), pp. 215-231)BACKGROUND: In The Netherlands, one out of six Dutch employees has informal care tasks; in the hospital and healthcare sector, this ratio is one out of four workers. Informal carers experience problems with the combination of work and informal care. In particular, they have problems with the burden of responsibility, a lack of independence and their health. These problems can reveal themselves in a variety of mental and physical symptoms that can result in absenteeism, reduction or loss of (work) participation, reduction of income, and even social isolation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the factors that informal carers who are employed in healthcare organizations identify as affecting their quality of life, labour participation and health. METHODS: We conducted an exploratory study in 2013-2014 that included desk research and a qualitative study. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare employees who combine work and informal care. Data were analyzed with Atlas-TI. RESULTS: We identified five themes: 1. Fear and responsibility; 2. Sense that one's own needs are not being met; 3. Work as an escape from home; 4. Health: a lack of balance; and 5. The role of colleagues and managers: giving support and understanding. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents combine work and informal care because they have no other solution. The top three reasons for working are: income, escape from home and satisfaction. The biggest problems informal carers experience are a lack of time and energy. They are all tired and are often or always exhausted at the end of the day. They give up activities for themselves, their social networks become smaller and they have less interest in social activities. Their managers are usually aware of the situation, but informal care is not a topic of informal conversation or in performance appraisals. Respondents solve their problems with colleagues and expect little from the organization.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 44, iss. 8, (2012), pp. 664-668)Chronic conditions can lead to considerable deterioration in functioning. Several condition-specific Core Sets, selections of categories from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), have been developed to facilitate the rehabilitation process. Considering the increase in patients with more than one specific condition, we evaluated the impact of multimorbidity on functioning and the implications for the Core Set approach. Design: Internet survey. Multimorbidity seriously aggravates the already existing functioning problems of people with rheumatic disease. We recommend that in the ICF Core Set approach more emphasis is given to systematic empirical analysis of the impact of multimorbidity on functioning.
2014, Article / Letter to editor (Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, vol. 24, iss. 1, (2014), pp. 52-67)Introduction A qualitative study was carried out to understand how people with a slow progressive adult type neuromuscular disease (NMD) perceive employment participation. Methods 16 paid employed persons with NMD were interviewed in open, in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Results Four themes were identified in the analyses: (1) Experiences regarding the meaning of work; (2) Solving problems oneself; (3) Reaching a turning point; and (4) Taking into account environmental aspects. Persons with NMD highlighted benefits of staying at work as well as the tension they felt how to shape decisions to handle progressive physical hindrances in job retention. This study shows how participants at work with NMD were challenged to keep up appearances at work and at home, the tension felt around when and if to disclose, the effect of their condition on colleagues and work reorganization challenges. Participants experienced that disclosure did not always make things better. With increasing disability participants’ focus shifted from the importance of assistive products towards considerate colleague, in particular superior’s willingness in supporting job retention.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (DISABILITY & SOCIETY, vol. 27, iss. 1, (2012), pp. 81-93)In western welfare states, labour participation is increasingly considered a vital aspect of taking part in society. Vocational rehabilitation programmes are intended to support people in the process of returning to work. These programmes pay much attention to the skills that clients need to develop in order to return to work. We argue, however, that vocational rehabilitation is more than the acquirement of skills, and that further attention should be paid to clients' 'identity work' processes. Based on 45 life-stories, we present an analysis of the identity work expressed by people with a work disability in the Netherlands. We describe 'separative', 'integrative', and 'pending' processes of identity work. The presented typology can help vocational rehabilitation professionals become more sensitive to clients' processes, and supports more inclusive vocational rehabilitation.
2014, Article / Letter to editor (Acta Oncologica, vol. 54, iss. 3, (2014), pp. 1-11)To capture the views of different health care providers involved in the treatment of patients with lymphoedema from various countries around the world on the functioning of lymphoedema patients and the factors influencing functioning of these patients using the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). A worldwide e-mail survey with questions based on components of the ICF. In total, 142 health professionals from seven different health professions and 20 different countries answered the questions. The aspects of functioning that were named by the health professionals could be linked to 359 different ICF categories. Of these categories, 109 belonged to body functions (30.4%), 55 to body structures (15.3%), 121 to activities and participation (33.7%) and 74 to environmental factors (20.6%). Overall, the most mentioned items were health services, systems and policies, immunological system functions, looking after ones health, products and technology for personal use in daily life and dressing. The ICF provided a valuable reference for identifying concepts in statements from international health care professionals experienced in the treatment of lymphoedema patients. The results of this research will be used in the development of ICF core sets for lymphoedema.
2014, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Public Health, vol. 14, (2014), pp. 77)BACKGROUND: Evidence has been synthesized to determine hindering and facilitating factors associated with the work participation of adults with developmental dyslexia (DD), classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). METHODS: A systematic literature review has been performed. Two search strings were used to determine the population and the context of work. The ICF was expanded with two subdivisions: one that made the environmental factors more work-related and a subdivision of personal factors. For data extraction the method known as qualitative metasummary was used and the manifest frequency effect size (MFES) for each category in the ICF was calculated. RESULTS: From 33 included studies 318 factors have been extracted and classified in the ICF. In the classification the frequency of occurrences and the consistency in direction (i.e., hindering or facilitating) have been made visible. The ICF categories with the highest MFES were mental functions with factors like feelings and emotions about dyslexia; activities like reading or writing/spelling; participation with factors like acquiring and keeping a job; social relationships at work where the attitudes and support of the employer and co-workers are important; working conditions with factors like the availability of assistive technology and accommodations on the job; and personal factors like self-disclosure and coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of work DD affects nearly all domains of functioning, mostly in a negative way. Within each domain the impact of DD increases over the course of life. To overcome that negative influence, many forms of adaptation, compensation, or coping are mentioned. Also notable is the lack of positive attitudes toward DD of the participants with DD-with the exception of the attitudes of teachers with DD-as well as on the part of colleagues, supervisors, and employers.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 93, iss. 12, (2012), pp. 2276-2280)To explore consultation reports for patient and employment characteristics and recommendations on employment regarding patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). Eighty percent of the included consultation reports contained information on employment. Less than half the patients with NMD were employed, most in office-related jobs, using some kind of adaptations. Nineteen of 20 patients who agreed to recommendations regarding therapy were adequately referred by occupational therapists and physical therapists for treatment of employment problems.
2014, Article / Letter to editor (BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 15, (2014), pp. 141)BACKGROUND: Many people suffer from complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder (CANS). CANS causes significant work problems, including absenteeism (sickness absence), presenteeism (decreased work productivity) and, ultimately, job loss. There is a need for intervention programs for people suffering from CANS. Management of symptoms and workload, and improving the workstyle, could be important factors in the strategy to deal with CANS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the experienced problems of employees with CANS, as a first step in an intervention mapping process aimed at adaptation of an existing self-management program to the characteristics of employees suffering from CANS. METHODS: A qualitative study comprising three focus group meetings with 15 employees suffering from CANS. Based on a question guide, participants were asked about experiences in relation to continuing work despite their complaints. Data were analysed using content analysis with an open-coding system. During selective coding, general themes and patterns were identified and relationships between the codes were examined. RESULTS: Participants suffering from CANS often have to deal with pain, disability, fatigue, misunderstanding and stress at work. Some needs of the participants were identified, i.e. disease-specific information, exercises, muscle relaxation, working with pain, influence of the work and/or social environment, and personal factors (including workstyle). CONCLUSIONS: Employees suffering from CANS search for ways to deal with their complaints in daily life and at work. This study reveals several recurring problems and the results endorse the multi-factorial origin of CANS. Participants generally experience problems similar to those of employees with other types of complaints or chronic diseases, e.g. related to their illness, insufficient communication, working together with healthcare professionals, colleagues and management, and workplace adaptations. These topics will be addressed in the adaptation of an existing self-management program to the characteristics of employees suffering from CANS.
2022, Article / Letter to editor (Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 62, (2022), pp. 102644)BACKGROUND: Non-traumatic complaints of the arm, neck and/or shoulder (CANS) are difficult-to-treat musculoskeletal conditions. CANS treatment has varying degrees of success, particularly in the working population. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the experiences and needs of physiotherapists (PTs) and exercise therapists (ETs) regarding the treatment of working patients with CANS. DESIGN: An exploratory qualitative focus group study was conducted. METHOD: Qualitative data were collected from 27 therapists who were purposefully recruited for their broad range of experience and qualifications. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Both PTs and ETs assess CANS extensively by exploring their patients' psychosocial factors, work-related factors, illness beliefs, and working conditions. Therapists apply hands-off treatment interventions, such as coaching the patient to make behavioural changes and providing self-management support. However, therapists experience many difficulties in these areas, resulting in a need to learn more about coaching techniques for behavioural change, engaging in meaningful conversations about the patient's perspective, supporting patients in building a strong social network in the workplace, and creating a professional network for collaboration. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of working people with CANS is difficult for PTs and ETs. Therapists express a need to learn more about supporting self-management, applying coaching techniques and engaging in meaningful conversations. Moreover, therapists indicate a need to establish a professional multidisciplinary network to support collaborations with other disciplines to treat working patients with CANS.
1997, Article / Letter to editor (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol. 69, iss. 6, (1997), pp. 475-481)OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were (i) To establish whether it is possible to assess by means of a check-list in a reliable way errors which violated biomechanical and ergonomical principles during nursing tasks, and (ii) to study the effectiveness of an ergonomic-educational course by using this check-list. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trainees (n = 12) and a control group of nurses (n = 12) who did not attend the course, performed three nursing activities at three points in time under standardized conditions; once before and twice after the course had ended. Their performances were recorded on video. A check-list was developed to assess the number of ergonomic errors made during the test performances. Two observers completed the check-lists after having watched five videotapes, and one of them did this for a second time 3 weeks later, in order to assess inter- and intra-observer reliability. In addition the tapes of all nurses were scored and analysed on differences in the performance of the two groups at the three points in time. Percentage of agreement and kappa (kappa) was used to express inter- and intra-observer reliability. Student's t-test was used to analyse the differences in mean percentages of errors. RESULTS: The inter- and intra-observer reliability were 92% with kappa of 0.84 and 93% with kappa of 0.86, respectively. Further results showed that the mean percentages of errors made by the control group remained the same at the three measurement times. However, in the trainee group a significant decrease in errors was found. The trainees made fewer errors at all three points in time than the controls did. CONCLUSION: It appears feasible to create a check-list to assess ergonomic errors in a reliable way. Trainees make fewer errors after an ergonomic-educational course. It is necessary, however to evaluate whether trained nurses work more safely in their daily duties than during the study.