Browsing Han Publications by Author "Tazelaar, Edwin"

Now showing items 1-9 of 9

Power–Efficient Grid Voltage Waveform Conditioning via Feed–Forward Compensation
Geurts Kessel, J.H.M. van ; Tazelaar, Edwin ; Jeltsema, D.
2020, Article in monograph or in proceedings (2020 12th International Conference and Exhibition on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation)
Analytical solution of the energy management for fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems
Bosch, P.P.J. van den ; Tazelaar, Edwin ; Veenhuizen, P.A.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, iss. 5, (2012), pp. 1986-1998)The objective of an energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems is to minimize the fuel needed to provide the required power demand. This minimization is defined as an optimization problem. Methods such as dynamic programming numerically solve this optimization problem. Strategies such as the equivalent consumption minimization strategy derive an analytical solution based on low-order models that approximate fuel cell stack and battery behavior. This paper presents an analytical solution based on models of the fuel cell system and battery close to physics. Apart from an analytical solution, this solution provides a fundamental understanding of the energy management problem. Because the solution is analytic and does not need a priori knowledge, the computation time is limited, and real-time implementation is possible. The solution presented is validated against existing optimizing energy management strategies in both simulations and experiments. For simulations, a midsize distribution truck is chosen. Experiments are carried out on a 10-kW scale test facility that comprises a fuel cell system, a battery, a motor with load, and an electronic load. In both simulations and measurements, the solution presented in this paper performs best compared to the equivalent consumption minimization strategy and a range-extender strategy, although the differences are within 3%. In the simulations, the solution presented approaches a minimum in fuel consumption, derived offline using dynamic programming, within 1%.[
Sizing stack and battery of a fuel cell hybrid distribution truck
Veenhuizen, P.A. ; Shen, Y. ; Bosch, P.P.J. van den ; Tazelaar, Edwin ; Hofman, T.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (Oil & Gas Science and Technology, vol. 65, iss. 1, (2012), pp. 103-113)Fuel cell hybrid vehicles are believed to provide a solution to cut down emissions in the long term. They provide local zero-emission propulsion and when the hydrogen as fuel is derived from renewable energy sources, fuel cell hybrids enable well-to-wheel zero-emission transportation,
Sizing stack and battery of a fuel cell hybrid distribution truck
Veenhuizen, P.A. ; Bosch, P.P.J. van den ; Hofman, T. ; Tazelaar, Edwin ; Shen, Y.
2012, Article / Letter to editor (Oil & Gas Science and Technology, vol. 67, iss. 4, (2012), pp. 563-573)An existing fuel cell hybrid distribution truck, built for demonstration purposes, is used as a case study to investigate the effect of stack (kW) and battery (kW, kWh) sizes on the hydrogen consumption of the vehicle. Three driving cycles, the NEDC for Low Power vehicles, CSC and JE05 cycle, define the driving requirements for the vehicle. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is used for determining the control setpoint for the fuel cell and battery system. It closely approximates the global minimum in fuel consumption, set by Dynamic Programming (DP). Using DP the sizing problem can be solved but ECMS can also be implemented real-time. For the considered vehicle and hardware, all three driving cycles result in optimal sizes for the fuel cell stack of approximately three times the average drive power demand. This demonstrates that sizing the fuel cell stack the average or maximum power demand is not necessarily optimal with respect to a minimum fuel consumption. The battery is sized to deliver the difference between specified stack power and the peak power in the total power demand. The sizing of the battery is dominated by its power handling capabilities. Therefore, a higher maximum C-rate leads to a lower battery weight which in turn leads to a lower hydrogen consumption. The energy storage capacity of the battery only becomes an issue for C-rates over 30. Compared to a Range Extender (RE) configuration, where the stack size is comparable to the average power demand and the stack is operated on a constant power level, optimal stack and battery sizes with ECMS as EnergyManagement Strategy significantly reduce the fuel consumption. Compared to a RE strategy, ECMS makes much better use of the combined power available from the fuel cell stack and the battery, resulting in a lower fuel consumption but also enabling a lower battery weight which consequently leads to improved payload capabilities.
Experimental assessment of an energy management strategy on a fuel cell hybrid vehicle
Veenhuizen, P.A. ; Tazelaar, Edwin
2012, Article in monograph or in proceedings (EVS26 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium)Fuel cell hybrid power trains comprise an energy storage to supply peaks in the power demand and to facilitate regenerative braking. In terms of control systems, the presence of storage provides additional freedom to minimize the vehicle’s fuel consumption. In a previous paper [1] an analytical solution to the energy management problem for fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems was derived and compared with existing strategies like the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) [1–4]. An experimental study has been carried out on a Fiat Doblo, which was converted from a regular gasoline powered vehicle into a fuel cell hybrid vehicle. The fuel cell drive train comprises a 10kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack connected by means of a DC/DC converter to a Li-ion battery. The aforementioned analytical energy management strategy was used during the experiments. The experiments were carried out on a roller test bench and on the road. The experiments were conducted not only to validate the energy management strategy and the underlying models but also to establish its practical value. The paper shortly reviews the energy management problem nd solution. Next the vehicle and its fuel cell hybrid drive train are presented as well as the experimental setup. The paper finishes by stating the experimental results and the conclusions.
Power for traction characterized by normal distributions
Tazelaar, Edwin ; Veenhuizen, P.A. ; Bosch, P.P.J. van den
2012, Article in monograph or in proceedings (EVS26)A driving cycle defines the speed profile as requirement for a propulsion systems or vehicles. As a single driving cycle can hardly be considered representative for all situations a vehicle will experience, attempts are made to classify driving cycles, using techniques as fuzzy logic, statistics and principal component analysis. The need for a definition of the required speed also explains the many driving cycles available in literature. Objective of this study is to classify driving cycles not in terms of speed, but in terms of power, with a focus is on electric vehicles.
Analytical solution and experimental validation of the energy management problem for fuel cell hybrid vehicles
Bosch, P.P.J. van den ; Tazelaar, Edwin ; Grimminck, M. ; Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. ; Veenhuizen, P.A.
2011, Article in monograph or in proceedings (EEVC)The objective of an energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems is to minimize the fuel needed to provide the required power demand. This minimization is defined as an optimization problem. Methods such as dynamic programming numerically solve this optimization problem. Strategies such as the equivalent consumption minimization strategy derive an analytical solution based on low-order models that approximate fuel cell stack and battery behavior. This paper presents an analytical solution based on models of the fuel cell system and battery close to physics. Apart from an analytical solution, this solution provides a fundamental understanding of the energy management problem. Because the solution is analytic and does not need a priori knowledge, the computation time is limited, and real-time implementation is possible. The solution presented is validated against existing optimizing energy management strategies in both simulations and experiments. For simulations, a midsize distribution truck is chosen. Experiments are carried out on a 10-kW scale test facility that comprises a fuel cell system, a battery, a motor with load, and an electronic load. In both simulations and measurements, the solution presented in this paper performs best compared to the equivalent consumption minimization strategy and a range-extender strategy, although the differences are within 3%. In the simulations, the solution presented approaches a minimum in fuel consumption, derived offline using dynamic programming, within 1%.
Fuel cell hybrid drive train test facility
Veenhuizen, P.A. ; Bruinsma, J. ; Tazelaar, Edwin ; Zafina, I. ; Bosma, J.C.N.
2009, Article in monograph or in proceedings (EVS24)Fuel cells are expected to play an important role in the near future as prime energy source on board of road-going vehicles. In order to be able to test all important functional aspects of a fuel cell hybrid drive train, the Automotive Institute of the HAN University has decided to realize a stationary test facility, comprising an 8 kW PEM stack and a 185 [Ah] 48 [V] NiCd battery, which is connected to an asynchronous motor, which is loaded by an eddy current brake. The objective of the test facility is to provide an efficient and accessible test platform for the development of fuel cell hybrid drive trains and subsystems. This paper describes the HAN fuel cell hybrid drive train test facility and some of the experimental results that have been obtained during the process that was needed to make the facility operational.
Driving cycle characterization and generation, for design and control of fuel cell buses
Bruinsma, J. ; Veenhuizen, P.A. ; Bosch, P.P.J. van den ; Tazelaar, Edwin
2009, Article / Letter to editor (World Electric Vehicle Journal, vol. 2009, iss. 3, (2009))Optimization routines for battery, supercap and fuel cell stack in a fuel cell based propulsion system face two problems: the tendency to cycle beating and the necessity to maintain identical amounts of stored energy in battery and supercap at the start and end of the driving cycle used in the simulation. A method is proposed to reduce these problems. The proposed method characterizes driving cycles and generates alternative cycles with an arbitrary length from an existing cycle, based on the characteristics of the original. The method is demonstrated with an existing driving cycle for buses and validated with measurements from a trolley bus in the region of Arnhem, the Netherlands.

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